At present, the growth of rice has gradually entered the jointed long ear stage, which is an important period for the transformation from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and it is also a crucial period for determining the yield. Doing a good job in field management of rice in the middle and later stages is crucial for maintaining the panicle, attacking large spikes, shaping high-yield plant types, and laying a good breeding ground.
First, the characteristics of the seedlings
According to a survey conducted on July 21, the average leaf age of machine-planting rice was 12.31 leaves, which was 0.49 more than that of the same period of last year. The average leaf age of direct-seeded rice was 10.31 leaves, which was 0.56 times more than that of the same period of last year; the total number of machine-planted rice was 386,300 seedlings, the same as the previous year. A reduction of 11,600 seedlings; direct seed rice was 512,800, an increase of 0.9 million seedlings. Comprehensive analysis of the basis of rice production earlier this year, there are several outstanding issues: First, a large proportion of direct broadcast rice. The live broadcast area of ​​the whole city is close to 110,000 mu, accounting for about 34% of the total rice area. The phenomenon of extensive management is serious, and it brings great hidden troubles to high-yield and stable production. Part of the dry, direct-segment rice seedlings have slow growth and development, individual thinness, and insufficient seedlings during effective tillering. The second is that the seedlings in the early stage are faster. During the Meiyu period and after Meimei this year, the temperature is high, the leaves are fast, the number of tillers is more, and the number of small deliveries and invalid deliveries increases accordingly. Third, the seedlings are not balanced. Due to the diversification of planting methods and the long duration of the planting period, the growth and development of rice seedlings are uneven, and the gap between the seedlings is large, which makes it more difficult to manage. The fourth is that the field is not in place. Some field plots are lighter and the fields are rotten. The rice plants are soft and flexible. The total number of pods per acre in a few direct-seeded rice fields breaks through 500,000, and the population is too large, which is extremely unfavorable to the field management in the middle and later periods and shaping the high-light efficiency groups. Therefore, in view of the serious situation of rice production this year, all localities must act immediately, pay close attention to rice field management in the middle and later stages, ensure that all technical measures are put in place, stabilize the number of panicles, and focus on large spikes to seize the bumper harvest of rice.
Second, the current key technical measures
1, due to the guidance of seedling classification, clever application of rice panicle fat. The Ningjing 3 and Nanxun 44 cultivars planted this year are large-spike cultivars and require large amounts of fertilizer at the later stage. Heavy panicle fertilizer is the key to seizing high yields. The current high temperature and strong radiation, fertilizer consumption, rapid growth of rice seedlings, will fade after jointing a large area, all around the early start, early preparations, according to the current rice leaf age process and the characteristics of seedlings, and seriously grasp the use of rice panicle fertilizer. At the same time, this year's rice panicle fertilizer application should be due to seedlings, due to gargle, due to the mode of sowing, appropriate guidance, scientific planning, promote one-time application of full-fertilizer, see Miao Qiao Shi Bao Hua Fei. Specific application time and amount of fertilization: direct seeded rice planted before June 1st and ore-planted rice planted before June 5th, machine-planted rice before the end of July 25-July, urea 12.5-15 kg; 6 Before August 5th to August 10th, the live seeded rice planted after the August 1st to 5th and June 1st of the transplanted rice planted after the 5th of May was planted with 10-12.5 kg of urea or 12.5 highly efficient compound fertilizer. 15 kg. The throwing-rice and machine-planting rice will not exceed August 5 at the latest, and the live-rice will not exceed the August 15 to promote flower-fertilizer at the latest. On August 15-18, throwing rice and machine inserting rice to see the appropriate application of preserved fertilizer, fertilizer application amounted to 10-12.5 kg of high-efficiency compound fertilizer. Principle of application of panicle fertilizer: throwing rice, machine inserted rice to see the seedlings promote good, ensure two panicle fertilizer, direct broadcast rice field to promote flower fertility, conservation of fertilizer does not advocate the application. At the same time, the early application of leaf color was light and the color of leaves was appropriately delayed. The use of a large group of fields was appropriately reduced, and the population was insufficiently increased.
2, scientific management of water slurry, enhance root vitality. The upper root and panicle differentiation of rice occur simultaneously, and it is the main functional root system in the late growth stage of rice. Increasing root activity is an important physiological basis for high rice yield. In view of the fact that the overall effect of this year's field is poor, it is necessary to grasp the gap between favorable weather and pest control in the near future, and continue to implement soft puts, light delays, and multiple dewatering to deter fields to prevent groups from rebounding after reclaiming the fields. In the booting stage and heading and flowering stage, shallow water layers should be established, and the remaining stages should be mainly dry-wet alternating and interstitial irrigation to ensure hard water in the field, maintain roots and leaves, and increase root activity. Water should be cut off for 10 days before harvest, and water should not be cut off prematurely. Rice quality and yield.
3, do a good job spraying fertilizer, prevention and treatment of premature aging. Spraying foliar fertilizer at late stage of rice growth can optimize the canopy structure of rice, promote photosynthesis, increase photosynthetic efficiency, prolong the lifespan of upper functional leaf, effectively prevent late premature failure, and achieve significant yield increase. In particular, a large proportion of field plots in the early stages of this year have been delayed and some of the plots are currently deprived of power and yellow lean. All localities must combine the prevention and treatment of insect pests to vigorously publicize the root-spraying fertilizers, which are used in the booting, breaking and full heading stages of rice. Once, each time 50-100 grams of foliar fertilizer sprayed on the water, raising the roots to protect the leaves, reduce the degradation, increase the solid, increase the grain weight.
4, comprehensive control of pests and ensure safe production. During the middle and late stage of rice production, the major pests and diseases are endangered. In accordance with the forecast and forecast of the plant protection department, localities should pay close attention to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests at the ear stage and focus on the overall pest prevention and control. In the near future, we must rush to do a good job in preventing and controlling the rice leaffolder and sheath blight. According to a unified formula, we must implement unified defense rules and comprehensively control pests and diseases.
5. Based on disaster reduction and disaster reduction, harvesting bumper crops. In the middle and late stages of rice production, natural disasters such as typhoon, rainstorm, and hail are frequent, and local governments must base themselves on disaster prevention and multi-hit disasters to prepare for disaster prevention and disaster prevention as soon as possible so as to prevent problems. We must pay close attention to meteorological changes, keep abreast of local and regional disasters, and do preventive work in advance. In field management, farmers are instructed to open a set of trenches inside and outside the field to ensure smooth drainage and irrigation. As early as possible, formulate technical measures for stress resilience to ensure that the disaster can be restored in time after the disaster and reduce the losses due to the disaster. At the same time, all localities should combine rice high-yield activities to create a high-yield management model, establish a high-yield model, and enhance the model's radiation capabilities. It is necessary to earnestly conduct investigations and researches on different rice cropping methods and compare the yield and benefits of direct-seeded rice and machine-transplant rice seedlings, so as to lay a solid foundation for the further transformation of rice cultivation methods and improvement of the comprehensive rice production capacity.
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