In terms of free-range mode, compared with the traditional cage mode, the flock is affected greatly by the external environment. Therefore, breeds, pens, breeding techniques, etc. have more differences with the traditional cage mode.
1. Selection of varieties
In the free-range mode, chickens are required to adapt to changes in the outside world, including temperature changes in the morning and evening, rain and snow, and other conditions that may cause stress on chickens. In addition, the free-range mode is easier to form good-quality egg meat products, and the production cost is higher than that of large-scale cages. If you select those breeds with high or high-yield meat, the quality of meat and eggs will be affected by genetic factors of the breed itself. Poor, it is not conducive to the improvement of product quality, it is not easy to achieve high investment and high returns. Therefore, experts recommend that as far as possible select varieties with strong adaptability, resistance to rough feeding, easy feeding, and high quality. Many local breeds in China are the best choices, such as Beijing Youji, Hainan Wenchang chicken, Shandong Laiwu black chicken, green shell layer chicken, Guangxi Sanhuang chicken and so on.
2. Housing requirements
The modern free-range mode is not the same as the early yard free-range mode. It needs to provide chicken houses for chickens.
The construction of the house requires good insulation, heat insulation, ventilation and lighting conditions. The brooding house requires good insulation performance and is equipped with a heating device such as a warm air stove, a coal stove or a floor heating supply. The bred house and laying hen house area should not be too large and be controlled below 500-600 square meters. Breeding chickens per henhouse size does not exceed 5000, breeding density per square meter does not exceed 10, laying hens per house size does not exceed 3000, per square meter breeding density does not exceed 6. In the laying hen house, a light automatic controller is required to control the light.
The chicken house needs to have a large enough outlet for chickens to go in and out. Every 100 square meters of chicken house exit should be at least 4 meters long. Outside the chicken house is a free space. The stocking area should be large enough. Each chicken is about 4 square meters. The site can grow fruit trees, trees, shade in summer, and can also be planted for feeding birds. Set fences around to prevent wild animals from attacking the flock.
Disinfection tanks were set up at the farm entrances and exits, limestone or 2% firebase was used, and personnel and vehicles were disinfected. Disinfection pots must also be placed in the doorway of each hen house to allow people to enter and leave for disinfection.
3. Feeding management
According to different growth stages, it is divided into brooding period, breeding period and laying period for management.
Brooding period: The chicks have poor resistance and are very sensitive to changes in outside temperature, so temperature is the primary and key condition for brooding. If it is spring and summer brooding, when the outside temperature reaches 18 °C above, after 5 weeks can be gradually transferred to outdoor stocking; If it is autumn and winter brooding, it is generally 7 to 8 weeks after the gradual transition to stocking. The stocking chickens are allowed to move outside during the day and return to their homes in the evening. If there is bad weather and extreme weather, such as strong winds, rain, and snow, stay indoors and do not carry out outdoor activities.
Breeding period: The density of stocking affects the survival rate and growth rate. Males and females were reared in groups and the feed was gradually transferred from chicks to young chickens. In the flourishing season of wild grass, the amount of supplementary feed can be appropriately reduced. Observe the condition of the flock and supplement the low fowl and the small fowl individually.
Egg production period: The requirement of calcium for laying hens is 3 to 4 times more than that for young chickens. Before opening production, it is necessary to increase the calcium content in feed, and gradually transfer to egg and chicken feed, and provide shells, calcium carbonate particles, etc. The chicken eats freely. Light production during the laying period should be controlled at 16 hours with an illumination intensity of 1 square meter and 2 watts of illumination. Setting nests inside the house and training the laying hens to lay eggs inside will help reduce the proportion of eggs outside the nest, dirty eggs and broken eggs. Each morning and afternoon, eggs are weighed once, and the number of quail eggs can be increased in summer.
4. Disease prevention and control
In the free-range mode, chickens are more exposed to various pathogenic microorganisms because they are in direct contact with the ground. If it is not properly managed daily, it is more prone to disease.
First of all, daily disinfection must be done. Alternative disinfectants include caustic soda, aldehydes, and hypochlorous acid. Outside the chicken house, adhere to disinfection once a week and use at least two disinfectants alternately.
Second, immune prevention must be done. According to the characteristics of the breeds and diseases, the vaccines were inoculated seriously.
In addition, the keeper must observe the mental status of the chickens at any time, observe the conditions of eating and drinking, and if there are any abnormalities, they must immediately take appropriate measures to promptly treat them.
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