Loblolly Pine (Latin name: Pinus taeda)
I. Economic Characteristics and Market Prospects
Loblolly pine has fast growth, good dryness and straightness, strong adaptability, and certain resistance to pine caterpillars. It is one of the tree species successfully introduced in our province. Wood can be used for construction, pulp and fiber materials, and it is also an excellent material for sleepers, poles and pillars. Standing wood is rich in pine resin and can be processed into turpentine. In addition, the tree posture is straight and graceful, crown like a torch, trunk straight, can be used for ornamental tree species.
Second, the ecological characteristics
Hi light, hi warm and moist. Vertically distributed in low mountains and hills below 500M. Suitable for the annual average temperature of 11.1-20.4 °C, the absolute minimum temperature of not less than -17 °C. Mostly distributed in the mountains, hilly slopes in the middle to the lower part and slopes. Poor soil requirements, ability to dry and thin soil, in the clay, gravel content of about 50% of the gravel soil and rock exposed, the soil is relatively shallow hilly areas have grown. Fear of water, more salt and alkali resistance. Hi acidic and slightly acidic soils, with good mountain growth at pH 4.5-6.5.
III. Stand Growth Process Model
Fourth, nursery
1, picking
When harvesting seeds, it is recommended to select 10-20-year-old, broad-stemmed, rough-stemmed and robust pest-free mother trees. Can be collected in the mid-October when the scales have not cracked cones, exposure threshing, the first selected or winnowing, the collected seeds into bags or other containers, stored in a ventilated and dry place, seed germination ability can be extended to 3 -4 years. The seed purity is 95%, and the grain weight is 30 grams. The indoor germination rate is 80%, and the field nursery germination rate is 70%.
2, nursery
Choose fertile, moist, loose sandy loam soil and loam soil as a nursery site. After the basal fertilizer was applied, the bed was built and the land was intensively smashed and smashed into pieces to flatten the bed. The sowing season is from early February to mid-March. Seeds were soaked with 2% formalin solution or Bordeaux mixture for 20 minutes before sowing and then soaked in warm water at 55-60°C for 18-24 hours. On-demand seedlings, on-demand plant spacing 6*8 or 8*8 cm, seeding trenches to be covered with a layer of fine soil. Use 2-3 kilograms of seed per acre. After the seeds are sown, they should be covered with thin soil and can be covered with coke plaster. It is advisable to still see some of the seeds, and then cover the grass.
Only 1 month after sowing can be unearthed. After most of the seedlings are unearthed, cover grass is removed. Within 40 days after seedling emergence, special care should be taken to keep the seedbed moist. Fertilizers may be applied 1-2 times per month from the beginning of May to July, and ammonium sulfate 2-5 kg ​​will be applied per acre. At the same time, various measures should be taken to prevent bird damage. The annual seedling height is more than 40 cm and the ground diameter is 0.5 cm or more.
V. Afforestation Technology
Afforestation can be carried out from mid-to late December to mid-to-late February. Container seedlings or 1-year-old bare-rooted seedlings are mainly used for afforestation.
(1) Afforestation density: 111-222 plants/mu. Plant spacing 2 * 2 ~ 2 * 3M, a seedling height above 40CM, ground diameter 0.5CM or more.
(2) Site preparation: The block preparation is not less than 5050cm and the depth is not less than 20cm. The diameter of planted hole is not less than 30cm and the depth is not less than 30cm. The site preparation requires the topsoil to turn downwards, digging holes require the soil to be backfilled, and the topsoil be returned.
Sixth, annual management
(1) Teduring 2 or more times in the year of cultivation. The first loosening and weeding should be carried out from March to May; the second time should be conducted from August to October. It is advisable to fertilize 1 times, mainly with farmyard manure, or add some phosphorus and potassium fertilizers with the appropriate proportion of nitrogen fertilizer. The ratio of N, P and K is 2:1:2. In the 2nd and 3rd year, it tends to be raised 1-2 times a year, and if it hasn't closed yet in the 4th year, it will continue to raise 1 time. Plant breeding area should be expanded year by year. Pesticides should not damage plants and roots, and the depth of loose soil should be shallow, no more than 10cm. Pruning: Pruning starts from 6 years old. The height of branches is kept at about 2 meters, and the dry crown ratio is adjusted to 3:2. Pruning time should be in late autumn or early spring. In the future, pruning will be done once every 2-3 years.
(2) Thinning period: Thinning can be performed when the canopy density is above 0.9 and the pressed tree accounts for 20-30% of the total number of trees. The initial period of thinning is generally not more than 10 years. Using the thinning method of thinning in the lower layer, the first thinning intensity is 25-35% of the total number of trees in the stands, followed by 20-30%. After the first thinning, the canopy density of stands is not less than 0.7, and the interval between thinnings is not less than 5 years.
(3) The final cutting period: General tamarix is ​​suitable for cutting in 20-25 years.
VII. Prevention and control of major pests and diseases:
A. Masson's pine caterpillar. B, pine tip leafhopper and pine tip leaf roller moth: Carbofuran was used to control pine tip borer within the first five years after afforestation. C, pine wood nematodes and loose excavation.
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