The “High-yield and High-Efficiency Technology Demonstration for Pond-Fish Farming†is a provincial key technology promotion project issued by the Shaanxi Provincial Office of Agricultural Development in 1994. The task indicator is: Through the 1994-1998 five-year promotion of the implementation of new fish farming technology, so that 10,000 acres of ponds in 1998 to achieve 800 kg per mu, acres of net income of 1,000 yuan.
The actual completion of the project is: The total area of ​​64,300 acres of promotion, total production of 49.769 million kilograms of fish, the total output value of 300922.4 million yuan, the new output value of 1191.1158 million yuan, total net income of 57.227 million yuan. In 1998, an area of ​​12,860 mu was completed, with an average yield of 835 kg of fish per mu, and net income of 1,285 yuan per mu, which were 28.6%, 4.4%, and 28.5% of the over-planned indicators, respectively. The input-output ratio was 1:1.32. The project has completed various technical and economic indicators and achieved high-yield and high-efficiency demonstration purposes. The main technical report is as follows.
1 Pond conditions and supporting projects The ponds are all selected as standard ponds in the fishery units of commercial fish bases, with an area of ​​5-10 mu, a water depth of about 2 meters, and a silt below 20 cm. Drainage and drainage channels are supported, among which cement lining pools in the suburbs account for 6,000 mu. The unit fishery is the operating management unit, and the canal circuit room and land are fully equipped with 1 kW aerator per 10 mus, 1 quartet pump, 1 pond with a groundwater source, 1 well per 50 mus, each unit With a 6-10 kilowatt pellet feed machine. The pond at the Yellow River Beach Base is equipped with 0.4-0.6 mu of cultivated grassland per mu, and the total amount of fish ponds is 20%. It basically meets the requirements of supporting standardization, production standardization and scientific management.
2 Technical route and implementation method Technical route of the project: Develop and utilize wasteland land and resources, develop a comprehensive ecological fishery for fishing, agriculture, husbandry, and husbandry, adopt intensive intensive cultivation, special premium culture, scientifically regulate water quality, reduce environmental pollution, and other technologies to achieve high yield and efficiency. And for the purpose of sustainable development. Specific implementation measures: The establishment of a provincial, prefectural and county-level technology project contracting group, signed the target responsibility contract, graded management, classification guidance, unified inspection and acceptance.
3 Key technologies
3.1 The 80:20 intensive culture technology project promotes the 80:20 (the ratio of eating fish to filter fish) culture models summarized by the American Soybean Association and the National Aquaculture Technology Extension Station. Feeding pellet feeds to the main raising grass carp and grass carp are generally adopted. According to statistics, 8640 acres of such ponds account for 67.2% of the project area, and at the same time, the promotion rate of the radiation area has reached 70%. This technique highlights two points:
1 The main feeding fish is a squid or grass carp, which is easy to feed a specific feed, a comprehensive nutritional ratio, reduce waste and water pollution. Aquaculture company of the province's intensive breeding pond 270 acres, the feed coefficient decreased from 2.2 in the previous year to 1.8, the cost of feed per kilogram of fish decreased by 1.20 yuan, the average yield per mu reached 1240 kg, the conservation of water and electricity costs to save 480 yuan per kilogram of fish Net profit increased from 1.48 yuan in the previous year to 2.62 yuan. With 20% of pupa and squid stocks as water purification regulators, the output and benefits are increased.
2 The main fish species must have good quality, neat specifications, robust physique, fast growth, and a high commodity rate. They should be listed the same year to shorten the breeding cycle. Jianye fish species specifications are over 70 grams, grass carp specifications are over 100 grams, ensuring that more than 90% of the fish out of the pond that year. Compared with the traditional multi-species polyculture technology, this technology has the advantages of strong feed formulation, strong feeding control and water quality control, and strong outflow of pond fish, high commodity rate, and good economic benefits. The promotion rate of technology in the project area has reached more than 90%.
3.2 Water-saving, energy-saving and healthy breeding techniques The Xi'an and Xianyang project areas are concentrated in the Weihetan area of ​​the suburbs of the city. The leakage of the sandy ponds is serious. The water used for fish farming is pumped by the pumping wells. Water saving and energy saving are one of the important factors to reduce costs. . Xi'an water flow fishery, the old fish ponds dredging transformation, so that pool water from 1.5 meters deep to 1.8 meters, the bottom of the pool silt control in 20 cm below, purify the water quality, reduce the water of organic pollution and the release of harmful gases. The fishery is circulated in the water field, reused after filtration and purification, and the annual water saving per acre pond is 840m3. The cost of water and electricity for fish farming is reduced by 168 yuan per acre, and the fish production is increased by 85 kg. In 1998, a total of 340 mu demonstration ponds were used. Mu gains 362 yuan. Feeding technology improvement and water quality improvement reduced the oxygen consumption of organic matter in the ponds. According to five fisheries in Xi’an, the organic oxygen consumption in ponds decreased from 3.8 mg/L to 2.51 mg/L, reducing the release of harmful gases and chemical drugs. Dosage, strict control of trichlorfon drug concentration below 0.1mg / L, enhanced the ability of the pond water purification of biological, commercial fish quality has been significantly improved.
3.3 Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Animal Husbandry Comprehensive Ecological Fishery Technology The Weinan project area is mainly distributed in the area along the Yellow-Saline Alkaline Beach and built by digging ponds to lift fields. The existing pond area is 34,000 mu and the lifted field is 28,600 mu (10 acres of ponds are dug and built. Can build 8 acres of land). Based on the rich land resources in the project area, we will develop a comprehensive ecological fishery that focuses on fisheries, fishery, agriculture, and animal husbandry, and adopts different concepts such as "fish-livestock-avian", "fish-farm-grass", and "fish-agriculture-fruit". Production mode. According to statistics, in 1998, the region produced 7.984 million kilograms of fish, with an output value of 28.59 million yuan, producing 136,000 kilograms of soybeans, oilseed crops, 87,000 kilograms of cotton, 38,000 kilograms of fruit, 2.16 million kilograms of forage, pigs, cattle, and sheep. 3.2 million heads of agricultural and sideline animal husbandry income 11.498 million yuan, accounting for 29% of the total output value. Heyang County has planted 600 mu of cotton, 45 mu of lint, 2000 mu of asparagus, and more than 1,600 yuan of net income. Dachang County's Buchang project area uses local rich pasture resources to adopt the grain-saving mode of raising grass carp and raise more than 30,000 kilograms of dry grass per acre of ponds. The yield of grass carp is more than 650 kilograms, and the cost per kilogram of grass carp is reduced. Up to 3 yuan, the net profit of Mu exceeds 2,800 yuan, which is twice as high as that of general intensive ponds. The integrated management of fishery, agriculture, and forestry enables the comprehensive utilization of resources and the conversion and reuse of materials and energy, which reduces costs and improves efficiency. At the same time, the climate and ecological environment of the beach area have been significantly changed. The salinity of the pool water has dropped from 3.07 g/L to less than 2.3 g/L, and the pH has dropped from 8.6-9.2 to about 7.6. The soil compaction and saline-alkalinity of the lifted field were significantly reduced, and the water vapor vapor and the ability of the crop to resist insects and drought were better than those of the upper land. The number of days of sandstorm was obviously reduced by about 20 days before the project was implemented. The promotion rate of this technology in the area is more than 95%.
3.4 The principle of high-quality and high-quality nesting and high-efficiency technology projects adheres to the principles of market economy, high production, high quality, and high efficiency, while pursuing the best economic benefits while increasing the technological content and level. In the project area, 73.8% of the fish were eaten and eaten. Compared with the pre-implementation and radiation area, the number of farmed fish increased by more than 20 percentage points. There were more than 20 cultured fish species, including Jianye, Pengzeyu, Ziyu silver carp, Wuchang fish, and freshwater whitefish. Has become the main fish, the coverage rate of 92%. The nesting area of ​​valuable fish such as beard owl and catfish was 28.5%, and the income per mu increased 300-400 yuan. According to statistics, there are 23 sturgeon breeding areas in the project area, with an area of ​​1,600 mu for mixed fish breeding, 4.6 kg per mu, and an increase of more than 400 yuan. The Heyangtan District has experimented with raising river crabs, with a yield of 75 kilograms per mu and a maximum size of 150 grams. Green penaeus and American frogs have also been successfully introduced for breeding. The initial aquaculture benefits have been achieved.
3.5 Double Season Feeding Balanced Listing Technology In order to tap the potential of pond production, maintain a reasonable amount of fish load, and use convenience advantages of listed fisheries in the suburbs of the city, the business model of double-season rearing, balanced listing, price increase in the off-season, and production increase and efficiency increase are generally adopted. Huayin City, the main raising fish pond is generally adopted two seasons to develop the fish model, the annual sales of commercial fish from April to May, an increase of 2 yuan per kilogram of fish income, in late June and then raise the second season of adult fish. Fish farms in the suburbs of Xi'an and Xianyang have fish sales throughout the year, which ensures market supply and increases sales revenue. Experiments have shown that double-season rearing can extend the production season for 20-35 days per year, and mu can increase the benefits by more than 400 yuan. In late June, a pond with a one-season fingerling species will begin to grow, and an acre of 1 000 fingerlings will be planted. By the end of October, 350 kg of high quality fingerlings of 50 grams or more will be cultivated, and the net income will be over 700 yuan.
The actual completion of the project is: The total area of ​​64,300 acres of promotion, total production of 49.769 million kilograms of fish, the total output value of 300922.4 million yuan, the new output value of 1191.1158 million yuan, total net income of 57.227 million yuan. In 1998, an area of ​​12,860 mu was completed, with an average yield of 835 kg of fish per mu, and net income of 1,285 yuan per mu, which were 28.6%, 4.4%, and 28.5% of the over-planned indicators, respectively. The input-output ratio was 1:1.32. The project has completed various technical and economic indicators and achieved high-yield and high-efficiency demonstration purposes. The main technical report is as follows.
1 Pond conditions and supporting projects The ponds are all selected as standard ponds in the fishery units of commercial fish bases, with an area of ​​5-10 mu, a water depth of about 2 meters, and a silt below 20 cm. Drainage and drainage channels are supported, among which cement lining pools in the suburbs account for 6,000 mu. The unit fishery is the operating management unit, and the canal circuit room and land are fully equipped with 1 kW aerator per 10 mus, 1 quartet pump, 1 pond with a groundwater source, 1 well per 50 mus, each unit With a 6-10 kilowatt pellet feed machine. The pond at the Yellow River Beach Base is equipped with 0.4-0.6 mu of cultivated grassland per mu, and the total amount of fish ponds is 20%. It basically meets the requirements of supporting standardization, production standardization and scientific management.
2 Technical route and implementation method Technical route of the project: Develop and utilize wasteland land and resources, develop a comprehensive ecological fishery for fishing, agriculture, husbandry, and husbandry, adopt intensive intensive cultivation, special premium culture, scientifically regulate water quality, reduce environmental pollution, and other technologies to achieve high yield and efficiency. And for the purpose of sustainable development. Specific implementation measures: The establishment of a provincial, prefectural and county-level technology project contracting group, signed the target responsibility contract, graded management, classification guidance, unified inspection and acceptance.
3 Key technologies
3.1 The 80:20 intensive culture technology project promotes the 80:20 (the ratio of eating fish to filter fish) culture models summarized by the American Soybean Association and the National Aquaculture Technology Extension Station. Feeding pellet feeds to the main raising grass carp and grass carp are generally adopted. According to statistics, 8640 acres of such ponds account for 67.2% of the project area, and at the same time, the promotion rate of the radiation area has reached 70%. This technique highlights two points:
1 The main feeding fish is a squid or grass carp, which is easy to feed a specific feed, a comprehensive nutritional ratio, reduce waste and water pollution. Aquaculture company of the province's intensive breeding pond 270 acres, the feed coefficient decreased from 2.2 in the previous year to 1.8, the cost of feed per kilogram of fish decreased by 1.20 yuan, the average yield per mu reached 1240 kg, the conservation of water and electricity costs to save 480 yuan per kilogram of fish Net profit increased from 1.48 yuan in the previous year to 2.62 yuan. With 20% of pupa and squid stocks as water purification regulators, the output and benefits are increased.
2 The main fish species must have good quality, neat specifications, robust physique, fast growth, and a high commodity rate. They should be listed the same year to shorten the breeding cycle. Jianye fish species specifications are over 70 grams, grass carp specifications are over 100 grams, ensuring that more than 90% of the fish out of the pond that year. Compared with the traditional multi-species polyculture technology, this technology has the advantages of strong feed formulation, strong feeding control and water quality control, and strong outflow of pond fish, high commodity rate, and good economic benefits. The promotion rate of technology in the project area has reached more than 90%.
3.2 Water-saving, energy-saving and healthy breeding techniques The Xi'an and Xianyang project areas are concentrated in the Weihetan area of ​​the suburbs of the city. The leakage of the sandy ponds is serious. The water used for fish farming is pumped by the pumping wells. Water saving and energy saving are one of the important factors to reduce costs. . Xi'an water flow fishery, the old fish ponds dredging transformation, so that pool water from 1.5 meters deep to 1.8 meters, the bottom of the pool silt control in 20 cm below, purify the water quality, reduce the water of organic pollution and the release of harmful gases. The fishery is circulated in the water field, reused after filtration and purification, and the annual water saving per acre pond is 840m3. The cost of water and electricity for fish farming is reduced by 168 yuan per acre, and the fish production is increased by 85 kg. In 1998, a total of 340 mu demonstration ponds were used. Mu gains 362 yuan. Feeding technology improvement and water quality improvement reduced the oxygen consumption of organic matter in the ponds. According to five fisheries in Xi’an, the organic oxygen consumption in ponds decreased from 3.8 mg/L to 2.51 mg/L, reducing the release of harmful gases and chemical drugs. Dosage, strict control of trichlorfon drug concentration below 0.1mg / L, enhanced the ability of the pond water purification of biological, commercial fish quality has been significantly improved.
3.3 Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Animal Husbandry Comprehensive Ecological Fishery Technology The Weinan project area is mainly distributed in the area along the Yellow-Saline Alkaline Beach and built by digging ponds to lift fields. The existing pond area is 34,000 mu and the lifted field is 28,600 mu (10 acres of ponds are dug and built. Can build 8 acres of land). Based on the rich land resources in the project area, we will develop a comprehensive ecological fishery that focuses on fisheries, fishery, agriculture, and animal husbandry, and adopts different concepts such as "fish-livestock-avian", "fish-farm-grass", and "fish-agriculture-fruit". Production mode. According to statistics, in 1998, the region produced 7.984 million kilograms of fish, with an output value of 28.59 million yuan, producing 136,000 kilograms of soybeans, oilseed crops, 87,000 kilograms of cotton, 38,000 kilograms of fruit, 2.16 million kilograms of forage, pigs, cattle, and sheep. 3.2 million heads of agricultural and sideline animal husbandry income 11.498 million yuan, accounting for 29% of the total output value. Heyang County has planted 600 mu of cotton, 45 mu of lint, 2000 mu of asparagus, and more than 1,600 yuan of net income. Dachang County's Buchang project area uses local rich pasture resources to adopt the grain-saving mode of raising grass carp and raise more than 30,000 kilograms of dry grass per acre of ponds. The yield of grass carp is more than 650 kilograms, and the cost per kilogram of grass carp is reduced. Up to 3 yuan, the net profit of Mu exceeds 2,800 yuan, which is twice as high as that of general intensive ponds. The integrated management of fishery, agriculture, and forestry enables the comprehensive utilization of resources and the conversion and reuse of materials and energy, which reduces costs and improves efficiency. At the same time, the climate and ecological environment of the beach area have been significantly changed. The salinity of the pool water has dropped from 3.07 g/L to less than 2.3 g/L, and the pH has dropped from 8.6-9.2 to about 7.6. The soil compaction and saline-alkalinity of the lifted field were significantly reduced, and the water vapor vapor and the ability of the crop to resist insects and drought were better than those of the upper land. The number of days of sandstorm was obviously reduced by about 20 days before the project was implemented. The promotion rate of this technology in the area is more than 95%.
3.4 The principle of high-quality and high-quality nesting and high-efficiency technology projects adheres to the principles of market economy, high production, high quality, and high efficiency, while pursuing the best economic benefits while increasing the technological content and level. In the project area, 73.8% of the fish were eaten and eaten. Compared with the pre-implementation and radiation area, the number of farmed fish increased by more than 20 percentage points. There were more than 20 cultured fish species, including Jianye, Pengzeyu, Ziyu silver carp, Wuchang fish, and freshwater whitefish. Has become the main fish, the coverage rate of 92%. The nesting area of ​​valuable fish such as beard owl and catfish was 28.5%, and the income per mu increased 300-400 yuan. According to statistics, there are 23 sturgeon breeding areas in the project area, with an area of ​​1,600 mu for mixed fish breeding, 4.6 kg per mu, and an increase of more than 400 yuan. The Heyangtan District has experimented with raising river crabs, with a yield of 75 kilograms per mu and a maximum size of 150 grams. Green penaeus and American frogs have also been successfully introduced for breeding. The initial aquaculture benefits have been achieved.
3.5 Double Season Feeding Balanced Listing Technology In order to tap the potential of pond production, maintain a reasonable amount of fish load, and use convenience advantages of listed fisheries in the suburbs of the city, the business model of double-season rearing, balanced listing, price increase in the off-season, and production increase and efficiency increase are generally adopted. Huayin City, the main raising fish pond is generally adopted two seasons to develop the fish model, the annual sales of commercial fish from April to May, an increase of 2 yuan per kilogram of fish income, in late June and then raise the second season of adult fish. Fish farms in the suburbs of Xi'an and Xianyang have fish sales throughout the year, which ensures market supply and increases sales revenue. Experiments have shown that double-season rearing can extend the production season for 20-35 days per year, and mu can increase the benefits by more than 400 yuan. In late June, a pond with a one-season fingerling species will begin to grow, and an acre of 1 000 fingerlings will be planted. By the end of October, 350 kg of high quality fingerlings of 50 grams or more will be cultivated, and the net income will be over 700 yuan.