Some time ago, a fruit grower in Daming County asked how to apply basal fertilizer in autumn to make pear trees grow better in the coming year. In practice, fertilization in autumn has more benefits than fertilization in winter and spring.
1. Benefits of applying base fertilizer in autumn
1. Conducive to restoring tree vigor. Autumn is the last peak growth period of the root system in a year. Its life activities are vigorous and its ability to absorb nutrients is strong. The temperature and ground temperature of pear trees are still high after fruit picking, which is conducive to soil microbial activity. Organic fertilizer is easy to rot and decompose after fertilization. It can replenish tree nutrition in time, restore tree vigor, and help delay leaf senescence and enhance autumn leaf photosynthesis. , Increase tree nutrient reserves.
2. Conducive to improving soil structure and fertility. At present, orchards are generally infertile and low in organic matter. In autumn, measures such as deep plowing to change the soil and increasing organic fertilizers can not only improve soil fertility, but also improve soil water and fertility retention, creating a good root system suitable for pear trees. The environmental conditions of water, fertilizer, gas and heat.
3. Conducive to enhancing the tree's resistance to stress. When fertilizing in autumn, the root system will be bruised or cut off, but since the soil temperature is generally around 20°C during this period, the wound after the cut root is easy to heal, the root grows quickly, and the number of hair roots is large, which expands the absorption area of ​​nutrients , Which greatly improves the utilization rate of fertilizer. It can also increase the ground temperature and prevent frostbite of the pear roots. In addition, there are abundant greening materials for fertilization in autumn, and the excavation works are easier. Adding nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium quick-acting chemical fertilizers to the base fertilizer can accumulate nutrients in the tree, increase the concentration of tissue cell fluid, and enhance the ability to resist freezing and cold. Fertilization in winter and spring is more effective.
4. Conducive to coordinate vegetative growth and reproductive growth. That is, after the quick-acting nutrients in the fertilizer are absorbed, it can greatly enhance the function of autumn leaves, increase the accumulation of nutrients, make the flower buds full and full, the next spring will sprout early, bloom neatly, spring shoots will grow strong, and the growth will be large, which will help maintain high quality and high yield. Tree vigor; after long-term decomposing and decomposition in the soil, late-acting nutrients are easily absorbed and utilized in spring, which strengthens the development of late spring shoots, improves the quality of medium and short branches, and can stop growing in time, creating conditions for flower bud differentiation .
2. Scientific fertilization
1. Period. From before and after harvest to before freezing, early-maturing varieties should be harvested after harvesting, and mid-late-maturing varieties should be early rather than late before and after harvest. The benefits of applying basal fertilizer in autumn are that the organic matter decays and decomposes for a long time, and the degree of mineralization is high. It can better coordinate the heat balance of water, fertilizer, and gas in the soil, promote root absorption and growth, and help the orchard to maintain moisture, increase ground temperature, and reduce frost damage.
2. Type. Mainly organic fertilizers, such as humic acid fertilizers, compost, stable manure, green manure, etc., can also be added with balanced fertilizers and special fertilizers for pear trees.
3. Application amount. Firstly, according to the average yield per mu in previous years, calculate the amount of organic fertilizer in the current year at the ratio of 150-200 kg per 100 kg of fruit produced. At the same time, 0.5 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.25 kg of potassium, and phosphorus are required for every 100 kg of fruit produced throughout the year. 0.5 kg as a basis, mixed with quick-acting chemical fertilizers. The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers used in this period accounted for 70%, 80%, and 70% of the annual nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, and combined with orchard fertility, tree species, varieties, tree age, The comprehensive factors such as tree vigor and soil management system should be increased or decreased appropriately to determine the optimal amount of fertilization to fully meet the needs of pear trees for various nutrient elements, so that fertilizer can be used economically and effectively.
4. Method. Generally, ditch application, hole application, ground application, etc. are used. Watering should be done in time after fertilization. The application of base fertilizer in autumn is the key to fertilization throughout the year. If the fertilizer source is insufficient, you can apply straw, leaves, weeds, etc., and find fertilizer sources widely to achieve more water and enough fertilizer, increase tree nutrition, and improve the tree. Body resistance.
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