1, the principle of fertilization
Mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, maintain or increase soil fertility and soil microbial activity. The applied fertilizer did not adversely affect the orchard environment and fruit quality.
2, autumn base fertilizer
The autumn fruit was harvested after harvesting, and mainly farmyard manure was mixed with a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Fertilizer amount according to 1? Apple Shi 1.5 ~ ~ 2 high-quality farmyard fertilizer calculation, generally full fruit period apple orchards every 666.7 square meters 3000 ~ 5000 organic fertilizer. The method of application is mainly guttering or spreading, and the fertilizing site is within the canopy projection range. Gully digging for radial sulcus or digging an annular groove at the periphery of the canopy, the depth of the ditches is between 60 and 80 ;. The application is to evenly spread the fertilizer under the canopy and turn it deeper.
3, timely fertilizer
Fertilizers were applied 2 or 3 times throughout the year. For the first time, branches and leaves were used to grow long-term fertilizers. During the spring, the topdressing before and after germination was urea 0.5 to 1 and super-calcium 1-2. The second time was at the beginning of June. After a long stop, it was applied during flower bud differentiation and fruit enlargement period. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were mainly used. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were used in combination. Each plant was topdressed with urea 0.25-0.5, general calcium 1-1.5, and potassium sulfate 0.5-1. The third time it was applied at the late stage of fruit growth, potassium was dominant. The amount of fertilizer is determined by the local soil conditions and fertilization characteristics. Spray 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea once every 20-30 days after germination. The resulting tree generally produces 1.0 N pure nitrogen, 0.5 P of pure phosphorus (P2O5), and 1.0 K of pure potassium (K2O) per 100 apples produced. The fertilization method is to open the ditch under the canopy, and the depth of the ditch is 15 to 20?, and timely irrigation after top dressing.
4, outside the root dressing
In June, the tree enters a period of vigorous growth. Flower bud differentiation and fruit enlargement go hand in hand. During this period, the tree has a large amount of nutrients, and it is necessary to make timely recovery of more than 45% of ternary compound fertilizer or ferric phosphate. + Imported potash or calcium-calcium-potassium or silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer strains from 1-1.25 kg. Generally depending on the age of the tree, the vigor and strength of the tree, the soil fertility, and the number of results. After the rain or after the light irrigation, the topdressing is applied. The method is mainly based on multiple radial nests, reaching shallow depths and depths of 20-25 cm. Biogas slurry can promote the growth and development of apple trees, can significantly increase the yield of apple trees, improve the flavor of fruits, improve the quality of fruits, and have a significant effect on the prevention and control of apple diseases and insect pests, especially for red stem disease, root rot disease, defoliation, and control of cockroaches and mites. The effect is significant. With no pollution, no residual toxicity and drug resistance, it has the effect of increasing production and efficiency to prevent and control pests and diseases, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and producing safe and high quality fruit.
In early April and early June, apply 60% biogas slurry (biogas slurry solution: clean water 6:4) once. Apply 50kg per plant and apply 10~15cm deep soil to the outside of the crown. Do not apply The biogas slurry was exposed to excessive contact with the root system and was selected for cool weather during the high temperature period. At the same time, the biogas slurry was sprayed once in early April, early May, early June, early July, early August, and early September. The biogas slurry taken from the digester is gauzed over and taken with it. The storage time is generally not more than 1 hour. When the spray is applied, the front and back surfaces of the trunk, branches and leaves are uniformly sprayed. Biogas slurry must be fully fermented, and no fermented biogas slurry can be applied. The use of biogas fertilizer in apple orchards can not only meet the large quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements needed for apple production, but also provide a variety of trace elements and a large amount of organic matter: at the same time, the cellulose and lignin in the biogas fertilizer have a combing soil effect and rot. The climatic acid is beneficial to the soil microbial activity and the formation of soil aggregates, so there is also an improved soil effect. Not only can enhance the stress resistance of fruit trees, inhibit pests and diseases, but also can increase the degree of coloring, flavor and quality of apple.
Orchard averagely applies 1,000-1500kg of biogas per acre, mature fruit trees each have 35kg of basic fertilizer, and young trees can be appropriately reduced. Biogas slurry fertilizer can be used for 20kg of biogas slurry per plant, plus 0.25kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The top dressing method and time are basically the same as those for applying base fertilizer. There are three kinds of biogas slurry spraying: pure biogas slurry spraying, dilute biogas slurry spraying, biogas slurry with pesticide, and chemical fertilizer spraying. The biogas slurry is filtered and clarified. Pure biogas slurry should be sprayed on trees with poor growth, large tree age, and fruit set, which is better than spraying and diluting biogas slurry. Dilution of biogas slurry is generally 50 to 70%. When fruit trees are pests, trace pesticides are added to the biogas slurry, which is more effective. According to the nutrient requirements of the tree, it can be sprayed with a certain amount of chemical fertilizer, such as adding 0.05-0.1% urea in the biogas slurry. For the tree and the apple tree that grows too vigorously and bears little fruit, 0.2-0.5% of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be added. Spraying to promote flower bud formation.
5, foliar spray fertilizer
4 times to 5 times in the whole year, generally 2 times in the early stage of growth, dominated by nitrogen fertilizer; 2 to 3 times in the later stage, mainly phosphorus and potash fertilizers, which can Supplement the trace elements required for growth and development of fruit trees. Common fertilizer concentration: urea 0.3% ~ 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2% ~ 0.3%, borax 0.1% ~ 0.3%. The last foliar spraying was carried out 20 days before the fruit harvesting period.
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