In 1999, Mingji Township used a pond excavated in saline-alkali land to carry out the "sea shrimp land-raising" experiment, and obtained a yield of 120 kilograms per mu for good economic returns. The techniques for seeping shrimp in ponds in saline land are summarized below. ?
1. Shrimp pond conditions? Mingji Township Water seepage shrimp ponds were developed in 1998, "above the fish" pond, an area of ​​6 to 10 acres, a slope ratio of 1:2.5, a square or a ratio of 1.6:1, depth 2.5 ~ At 3.0 meters, the pond is set up with a contiguous piece. It has a well-developed drainage system with a smooth bottom, no silt, and good water retention. ?
2. Preparation before laying seedlings?
2.1. Clear pond and disinfection. The ponds are used for the first time, and there is no sludge and pollution at the bottom of the pool. Some of the ponds excavated in 1998 had long-term aquatic plants (mainly blue mud moss, green grass, algae, and water sponges) and wild fish and shrimp (mainly salmon and marsh) and aquatic insect stoves. In this type of pond, pool water is pumped out 20 days prior to the release of the seedlings to eliminate weeds and eliminate pests. The main use of drugs is quicklime and bleaching powder. The amount of lime used is 75 to 100kg and bleaching powder is 10 to 15kg. After infiltrating a small amount of water into the new pond, disinfect with bleaching powder of 30-50 g/m3. ?
2.2. Water seepage fertilizer. After clearing the pool, natural water seepage from the pond is first, and water is fed into the pool. When the water enters the water, 60 nets are used to filter water. After influent, disinfect with 5-10g/m3 of bleached earthworm or 0.1g/m3 of chlorine dioxide evenly. The early water level should be one-half of the pool water. Depending on the water situation, single cell algae are fertilized and propagated 15 days before seedling emergence. Since the new pool is thin, it is common to use organic fertilizers and fertilizers, about 100 to 200 kilograms of pig excrement, chicken manure or cow dung fermented in Mushi, bagged or sub-set in ponds. During the cultivation period, inorganic fertilizers are continuously applied according to the water color and transparency. When the general transparency is greater than 40 cm, the whole pond is splashed with chemical fertilizers in sunny days, and the method of less rotary ground treatment is adopted. Each application of nitrogen content is 0.5-1.0 ppm and phosphorus is 0.1 ppm. Underground water seepage because of long-term buried in the soil, is a kind of strong reduction water, high chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, nitrites, ferrous and other more, shrimp vaccine is toxic, must go through more than a month of exposure , Or aerobic surface air-oxygenation, so that the normal recovery of COD before the release of shrimp seedlings, salinity difference is too large can be adjusted by adding fresh water. ?
2.3. Pool water salinity and ion conditioning. Pool water test results show that, except for magnesium and potassium ions, the ratio of other elements in the water is not very similar to that of sea, and the content of magnesium and potassium ions is 7-22 times lower than normal seawater. According to the principle of the constant composition of seawater constants, in order to reduce the amount of drugs used to adjust the ion ratio, we adopt the method of increasing the salinity to lower the salinity, so that the salinity of the pool water is controlled between 10-17 ,, and the salinity of individual ponds is reduced to 7 ‰, thereby greatly reducing the ion adjustment costs.
2.4. Shrimp stocking? 1? Shrimp seedlings fade. The shrimp seedlings were purchased from Lijin and the field nursery. They were healthy, disease-free and tidy, with an average body length of 0.8 cm or more. The nursery salinity of these nursery farms was more than 25 ,, which was 8-18 ç› higher than the salinity of the growing ponds. Before the nursery was asked to reduce salt in the shrimp seedlings, the method is to reach 0.7cm body length, reduce the salinity of the pool water by 3-5 æ¯å¤© per day when changing the water, and drop it within 5 ç› of the salt range of the cultivating pool and out of the pond. . ? 2? shrimp straight. Most ponds adopt the form of direct laying. Before the seedlings are released, the shrimp ponds are tested on small shrimps, that is, 20-30 shrimps are placed in cages or tanks containing water, and the survival of shrimps is observed after 72 hours. Activities, if there is no abnormal phenomenon before Fangmiao. Since clearing the pond, removing water, adjusting salt, regulating ions and fertilizers before the release of seedlings are more prepared, the release of seedlings will begin from May 19 to June 7. It will be about 20 days later than seawater raising. An average of 15,500 acres of seedlings are planted, with a maximum of 50,000 mu and a minimum of 13,000 mu. Counting, transporting and putting in shrimps are the same as conventional methods. ?
3. Develop management?
3.1. Feed and Feeding Due to the high density of shrimp seedlings, feed should be given in time after stocking, and early feeding of Artemia should be mainly used. Pre-feeding high-quality feeds should be used as sea-horse and brand-name foods for Changxing Brand No. 1 and No. 2 baits. Feed self-made compound feeds or purchase name feeds, such as sea-horses, Changxing, Shengsuo, and Dale foods. After the beginning of autumn in mid-August, when the length of the shrimp reached 6cm, some or all of the bluegrass was fed. With fish feed 4-6 times a day, 40% during the day, 60% at night. The Blue Dragonfly invests once and puts it along the pool. When the blue cockroach was fed, the blue cockroach was strictly inspected and thoroughly washed out of the tank, and the dead body and flushed blue cockroaches were severely thrown into the pool. The determination of the amount of shrimp ponds, in addition to the middle of the cultivation of seedlings, it is difficult to accurately determine the direct release, to take the net estimate, feeding the stomach, growth measurement, along the pool observation and other forms of comprehensive assessment. According to the estimated shrimp tail number and average body length food intake formula. Calculate the amount of feed, 1 hour after feeding sample shrimp stomach fullness, if there is 70% of the stomach can be enough to sample before the next feeding, if there is still the majority of the stomach do not need to vote or Reduce the amount of feeding. The use of bait tray is the best way to judge the amount of bait, set 1-2 feeding trays around the pool, sprinkle the same bait when feeding, and check the next feeding website, such as most bait trays. If it is empty, then it will be baited. If there are still bait, you will either cast less or not. The initial feeding can be 0.5-1.0 meters deep around the pool, with growth and deep water transfer. ?
3.2. Regulation of water quality The water level in the early stage is generally about 1.5 meters. Afterwards, the water level of the pool is gradually increased according to the water level of the Yellow River. The water level in the middle and later stages is controlled at 2.0-2.5 meters. Each time the water salinity is lowered by 2-3 ‰, the minimum salinity in the pool water is not less than 5 ‰. After the addition of water or rainfall, the PH value of the pool water is reduced, and the medicine is adjusted in time. 10-20 grams of quick lime is poured per cubic meter of water. At the same time, the aerator, the submersible pump or the boat is used to stir the pool water to prevent the pool water from forming a partition. The high-yield pond is also equipped with an aerator (a 3-kw aerator for each 6-acre pool, and a 3-kw aerator for each tank in the later period). It starts 2-4 hours per day in June and starts more than 10 hours per day in July. , From August to September, it will boot more than 20 hours every day. Through the above measures, the pool water basically meets the requirements of "awesomeness and tenderness". The main indicators of pool water during the entire cultivation period are: water color yellow green right green yellow, transparency 30-40cm, PH value 7.8-8.8, salinity 5-17 ‰. ?
3.3. Disease prevention and control. Adhere to the principle of prevention, prevention of disease, and comprehensive prevention and control. Clear the pond before putting the seedlings in the pond, and always do a good job of the tools, feed disinfection, and water quality regulation. In the first 7-10 days of the previous period, the whole pool will spill 15ppm quicklime and 0.1ppm. Chlorine dioxide, 0.4ppm bleaching powder or 1ppm bleaching powder and other drugs; Entered in July, the monthly supply of 2-3 cycles (5-7 days each course of continuous feeding) of Noromax, Kikangling No. 6 The baits should be thoroughly cleaned and right-sterilized when they are fed into the blue coriander. The pond should be treated with a sterilizing antibiotic once every 3-5 days. During the entire cultivation period, only a few ponds had suffered from cyanobacterial overgrowth, polyhelminths, and black pupa. Using 1.0ppm high Meng Xianxian and 1.0ppm complex copper pool spill, kill algae insecticide decomposition of organic matter. Feed Enol Stars (1‰) and Qingkangling 6 (2‰) Medicine Baits and 0.1ppm Chlorine Chloride to treat rotten fleas and black breams. Quanchiposa 1.0-1.5ppm copper complexes to kill Polyanthes have obvious effects, control and cure diseases. ?
3.4. Day-to-day management The technicians perform the measurement of the length of the shrimp every 10 days, and formulate production management opinions according to the daily observations such as growth and water quality. The keeper will be able to observe the patrol pool three times in the morning, middle and evening, observe the shrimp feeding, activities and other conditions, and make records; timely remove the dirt, disinfection and disease prevention; timely investment and fertilizer, adjust the water quality; strengthen public security, prevent Shrimp phenomenon occurs. ?
3.5. Collecting. From the beginning of September to the end of early October, catching with nets and pulling nets is adopted. During the collection of shrimps, feeds should be made continuously so as to avoid loss of food, resulting in wastage of thin shrimps or mutual food. ?
4. Summary?
4.1. Reducing salinity and regulating ions is the key to the success or failure of seep water. The results of water ionization tests showed that the content of magnesium and potassium ions in the water seepage in the pond is generally low, while the ratios of other ions and their concentrations are very similar to those in sea water. The amount of magnesium and potassium ions in the pool water can meet the quality of mariculture species as long as they are supplemented with appropriate amounts of magnesium and potassium ions. condition. Reducing the amount of magnesium ions added and reducing the cost of water transfer have become the key to water infiltration. After repeated verification of shrimp biotechnology, the shrimp seedlings can survive safely when the potassium ion content is less than 3 times the normal seawater content. According to this, adding chemicals to control ion supplementation is 2-3 times lower than the constant amount.
4.2. Dealing with the relationship between density, yield, and specifications is a prerequisite for high productivity and efficiency. Water seepage aquaculture is not able to add a large amount of water, which can easily cause pool water aging. Therefore, farmers must correctly grasp the relationship between density, production, and specifications according to their actual conditions. Through breeding practice, if there are good oxygenation facilities and technical management conditions, and can feed high-quality bait, it can reach the breeding level of 160kg per mu and body length of 12cm. If there is no oxygen-increasing facility only feeding general food, it can reach the breeding level of 75-85kg per mu and body length of 11cm. Before releasing the seedlings, we must comprehensively analyze various production factors, formulate scientific and reasonable production goals, and make a best combination of breeding density, yield, and specifications. ?
4.3. Holding shrimps is an important guarantee for obtaining high yields from seepage and raising shrimps. Temporary rearing of shrimps will eliminate the frail and diseased groups, and grow to 2-3cm in most cases as robust shrimps; 15-20 days later, the shrimps will enter the rearing pools, which will at least slow the pollution of the rearing tanks and extend them. Feeding time.
1. Shrimp pond conditions? Mingji Township Water seepage shrimp ponds were developed in 1998, "above the fish" pond, an area of ​​6 to 10 acres, a slope ratio of 1:2.5, a square or a ratio of 1.6:1, depth 2.5 ~ At 3.0 meters, the pond is set up with a contiguous piece. It has a well-developed drainage system with a smooth bottom, no silt, and good water retention. ?
2. Preparation before laying seedlings?
2.1. Clear pond and disinfection. The ponds are used for the first time, and there is no sludge and pollution at the bottom of the pool. Some of the ponds excavated in 1998 had long-term aquatic plants (mainly blue mud moss, green grass, algae, and water sponges) and wild fish and shrimp (mainly salmon and marsh) and aquatic insect stoves. In this type of pond, pool water is pumped out 20 days prior to the release of the seedlings to eliminate weeds and eliminate pests. The main use of drugs is quicklime and bleaching powder. The amount of lime used is 75 to 100kg and bleaching powder is 10 to 15kg. After infiltrating a small amount of water into the new pond, disinfect with bleaching powder of 30-50 g/m3. ?
2.2. Water seepage fertilizer. After clearing the pool, natural water seepage from the pond is first, and water is fed into the pool. When the water enters the water, 60 nets are used to filter water. After influent, disinfect with 5-10g/m3 of bleached earthworm or 0.1g/m3 of chlorine dioxide evenly. The early water level should be one-half of the pool water. Depending on the water situation, single cell algae are fertilized and propagated 15 days before seedling emergence. Since the new pool is thin, it is common to use organic fertilizers and fertilizers, about 100 to 200 kilograms of pig excrement, chicken manure or cow dung fermented in Mushi, bagged or sub-set in ponds. During the cultivation period, inorganic fertilizers are continuously applied according to the water color and transparency. When the general transparency is greater than 40 cm, the whole pond is splashed with chemical fertilizers in sunny days, and the method of less rotary ground treatment is adopted. Each application of nitrogen content is 0.5-1.0 ppm and phosphorus is 0.1 ppm. Underground water seepage because of long-term buried in the soil, is a kind of strong reduction water, high chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, nitrites, ferrous and other more, shrimp vaccine is toxic, must go through more than a month of exposure , Or aerobic surface air-oxygenation, so that the normal recovery of COD before the release of shrimp seedlings, salinity difference is too large can be adjusted by adding fresh water. ?
2.3. Pool water salinity and ion conditioning. Pool water test results show that, except for magnesium and potassium ions, the ratio of other elements in the water is not very similar to that of sea, and the content of magnesium and potassium ions is 7-22 times lower than normal seawater. According to the principle of the constant composition of seawater constants, in order to reduce the amount of drugs used to adjust the ion ratio, we adopt the method of increasing the salinity to lower the salinity, so that the salinity of the pool water is controlled between 10-17 ,, and the salinity of individual ponds is reduced to 7 ‰, thereby greatly reducing the ion adjustment costs.
2.4. Shrimp stocking? 1? Shrimp seedlings fade. The shrimp seedlings were purchased from Lijin and the field nursery. They were healthy, disease-free and tidy, with an average body length of 0.8 cm or more. The nursery salinity of these nursery farms was more than 25 ,, which was 8-18 ç› higher than the salinity of the growing ponds. Before the nursery was asked to reduce salt in the shrimp seedlings, the method is to reach 0.7cm body length, reduce the salinity of the pool water by 3-5 æ¯å¤© per day when changing the water, and drop it within 5 ç› of the salt range of the cultivating pool and out of the pond. . ? 2? shrimp straight. Most ponds adopt the form of direct laying. Before the seedlings are released, the shrimp ponds are tested on small shrimps, that is, 20-30 shrimps are placed in cages or tanks containing water, and the survival of shrimps is observed after 72 hours. Activities, if there is no abnormal phenomenon before Fangmiao. Since clearing the pond, removing water, adjusting salt, regulating ions and fertilizers before the release of seedlings are more prepared, the release of seedlings will begin from May 19 to June 7. It will be about 20 days later than seawater raising. An average of 15,500 acres of seedlings are planted, with a maximum of 50,000 mu and a minimum of 13,000 mu. Counting, transporting and putting in shrimps are the same as conventional methods. ?
3. Develop management?
3.1. Feed and Feeding Due to the high density of shrimp seedlings, feed should be given in time after stocking, and early feeding of Artemia should be mainly used. Pre-feeding high-quality feeds should be used as sea-horse and brand-name foods for Changxing Brand No. 1 and No. 2 baits. Feed self-made compound feeds or purchase name feeds, such as sea-horses, Changxing, Shengsuo, and Dale foods. After the beginning of autumn in mid-August, when the length of the shrimp reached 6cm, some or all of the bluegrass was fed. With fish feed 4-6 times a day, 40% during the day, 60% at night. The Blue Dragonfly invests once and puts it along the pool. When the blue cockroach was fed, the blue cockroach was strictly inspected and thoroughly washed out of the tank, and the dead body and flushed blue cockroaches were severely thrown into the pool. The determination of the amount of shrimp ponds, in addition to the middle of the cultivation of seedlings, it is difficult to accurately determine the direct release, to take the net estimate, feeding the stomach, growth measurement, along the pool observation and other forms of comprehensive assessment. According to the estimated shrimp tail number and average body length food intake formula. Calculate the amount of feed, 1 hour after feeding sample shrimp stomach fullness, if there is 70% of the stomach can be enough to sample before the next feeding, if there is still the majority of the stomach do not need to vote or Reduce the amount of feeding. The use of bait tray is the best way to judge the amount of bait, set 1-2 feeding trays around the pool, sprinkle the same bait when feeding, and check the next feeding website, such as most bait trays. If it is empty, then it will be baited. If there are still bait, you will either cast less or not. The initial feeding can be 0.5-1.0 meters deep around the pool, with growth and deep water transfer. ?
3.2. Regulation of water quality The water level in the early stage is generally about 1.5 meters. Afterwards, the water level of the pool is gradually increased according to the water level of the Yellow River. The water level in the middle and later stages is controlled at 2.0-2.5 meters. Each time the water salinity is lowered by 2-3 ‰, the minimum salinity in the pool water is not less than 5 ‰. After the addition of water or rainfall, the PH value of the pool water is reduced, and the medicine is adjusted in time. 10-20 grams of quick lime is poured per cubic meter of water. At the same time, the aerator, the submersible pump or the boat is used to stir the pool water to prevent the pool water from forming a partition. The high-yield pond is also equipped with an aerator (a 3-kw aerator for each 6-acre pool, and a 3-kw aerator for each tank in the later period). It starts 2-4 hours per day in June and starts more than 10 hours per day in July. , From August to September, it will boot more than 20 hours every day. Through the above measures, the pool water basically meets the requirements of "awesomeness and tenderness". The main indicators of pool water during the entire cultivation period are: water color yellow green right green yellow, transparency 30-40cm, PH value 7.8-8.8, salinity 5-17 ‰. ?
3.3. Disease prevention and control. Adhere to the principle of prevention, prevention of disease, and comprehensive prevention and control. Clear the pond before putting the seedlings in the pond, and always do a good job of the tools, feed disinfection, and water quality regulation. In the first 7-10 days of the previous period, the whole pool will spill 15ppm quicklime and 0.1ppm. Chlorine dioxide, 0.4ppm bleaching powder or 1ppm bleaching powder and other drugs; Entered in July, the monthly supply of 2-3 cycles (5-7 days each course of continuous feeding) of Noromax, Kikangling No. 6 The baits should be thoroughly cleaned and right-sterilized when they are fed into the blue coriander. The pond should be treated with a sterilizing antibiotic once every 3-5 days. During the entire cultivation period, only a few ponds had suffered from cyanobacterial overgrowth, polyhelminths, and black pupa. Using 1.0ppm high Meng Xianxian and 1.0ppm complex copper pool spill, kill algae insecticide decomposition of organic matter. Feed Enol Stars (1‰) and Qingkangling 6 (2‰) Medicine Baits and 0.1ppm Chlorine Chloride to treat rotten fleas and black breams. Quanchiposa 1.0-1.5ppm copper complexes to kill Polyanthes have obvious effects, control and cure diseases. ?
3.4. Day-to-day management The technicians perform the measurement of the length of the shrimp every 10 days, and formulate production management opinions according to the daily observations such as growth and water quality. The keeper will be able to observe the patrol pool three times in the morning, middle and evening, observe the shrimp feeding, activities and other conditions, and make records; timely remove the dirt, disinfection and disease prevention; timely investment and fertilizer, adjust the water quality; strengthen public security, prevent Shrimp phenomenon occurs. ?
3.5. Collecting. From the beginning of September to the end of early October, catching with nets and pulling nets is adopted. During the collection of shrimps, feeds should be made continuously so as to avoid loss of food, resulting in wastage of thin shrimps or mutual food. ?
4. Summary?
4.1. Reducing salinity and regulating ions is the key to the success or failure of seep water. The results of water ionization tests showed that the content of magnesium and potassium ions in the water seepage in the pond is generally low, while the ratios of other ions and their concentrations are very similar to those in sea water. The amount of magnesium and potassium ions in the pool water can meet the quality of mariculture species as long as they are supplemented with appropriate amounts of magnesium and potassium ions. condition. Reducing the amount of magnesium ions added and reducing the cost of water transfer have become the key to water infiltration. After repeated verification of shrimp biotechnology, the shrimp seedlings can survive safely when the potassium ion content is less than 3 times the normal seawater content. According to this, adding chemicals to control ion supplementation is 2-3 times lower than the constant amount.
4.2. Dealing with the relationship between density, yield, and specifications is a prerequisite for high productivity and efficiency. Water seepage aquaculture is not able to add a large amount of water, which can easily cause pool water aging. Therefore, farmers must correctly grasp the relationship between density, production, and specifications according to their actual conditions. Through breeding practice, if there are good oxygenation facilities and technical management conditions, and can feed high-quality bait, it can reach the breeding level of 160kg per mu and body length of 12cm. If there is no oxygen-increasing facility only feeding general food, it can reach the breeding level of 75-85kg per mu and body length of 11cm. Before releasing the seedlings, we must comprehensively analyze various production factors, formulate scientific and reasonable production goals, and make a best combination of breeding density, yield, and specifications. ?
4.3. Holding shrimps is an important guarantee for obtaining high yields from seepage and raising shrimps. Temporary rearing of shrimps will eliminate the frail and diseased groups, and grow to 2-3cm in most cases as robust shrimps; 15-20 days later, the shrimps will enter the rearing pools, which will at least slow the pollution of the rearing tanks and extend them. Feeding time.
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