The soils of north and south China are very different. The red, latosol, yellow, yellow, brown, and brown soils in the south are acidic or slightly acidic, and alkaline calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizers should be used as phosphate fertilizers;
The northern soils are mostly alkaline, such as chernozem, chestnut soil, limestone soil, cinnamon soil, etc., and acidic superphosphate should be used for phosphate fertilizer;
Greenhouses and old vegetable fields that have been fertilized for many years are gradually acidified and lack calcium and magnesium. Alkaline calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizers, phosphate rock powder, etc. should be used as phosphate fertilizers, which can regulate soil acidity and supply calcium and magnesium elements;
Alkaline soil and saline soil with salinization characteristics, especially coastal saline soil, are easy to apply phosphogypsum, and potassium sulfate should be used for potash fertilizer.
Use the wrong fertilizer and try to waste it all
2. Choose fertilizers according to the nutritional characteristics of plants
Generally, vegetables are nitrate-nitrogen-loving crops, and ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, etc. should be used as nitrogen fertilizer;
Bulb vegetables have a large demand for sulfur, and fertilizers with more sulfur should be used, such as superphosphate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, etc.;
Cruciferous vegetables require a lot of boron, so boric acid and borax that contain more boron should be used;
Fresh melons and vegetables such as watermelon, melon and tea are sensitive to chlorine poisoning, so it is not suitable to use chlorinated fertilizers such as ammonium chloride and potassium chloride;
Chinese cabbage, tomatoes, etc. are prone to calcium deficiency symptoms (dry heartburn, stalk rot), and it is advisable to use superphosphate and calcium nitrate that contain more effective calcium;
Fruits and tea require a lot of organic fertilizer.
3. Choose fertilizers according to the growth period of crops
For seed fertilizer, use neutral and high-concentration compound fertilizers. Seed-dressing fertilizers generally choose highly specific fertilizers; low-concentration fertilizers or high-concentration compound fertilizers can be used as base fertilizers; high-concentration quick-acting chemical fertilizers such as urea and diammonium phosphate are mostly used for top dressing. , Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc.; when irrigating fertilization and foliar spraying, use high-concentration, easily soluble, and less residue fertilizers such as foliar fertilizer from Demerer, as well as urea, ammonium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc. .
Fourth, choose a reasonable fertilization method
The nitrate content in vegetables is related to the types, varieties, and different parts of the vegetables, as well as the fertilization technology and environmental conditions.
In terms of breeding, it is meaningful to take low nitrate content as one of the breeding goals; in terms of fertilization technology and environmental conditions, the nitrate content in vegetables is closely related to the concentration of nitrogen in the soil and the types of nitrogen. The higher the concentration, the higher the nitrate content in vegetables, especially in the later stages. Therefore, the application of nitrogen fertilizer should be early and not too much.
Five, use special, compound, special fertilizer
As high-quality agricultural products have different requirements for soil quality and fertilizer, special fertilizers are needed. For example, the production of garlic requires fertilizers with higher sulfur content, and the production of malted barley requires a reduction in the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer. The ratio of 500 kg of wheat to 600 kg of wheat is different.
In addition to the above points, we must also know that there is a contradiction between fertilizers.
For example, if more phosphate fertilizer is applied, the excess available phosphorus combines with the available zinc in the soil to form insoluble zinc phosphate precipitation, which causes the lack of available zinc in the soil. Not only that, the excess available phosphorus can also inhibit the absorption of nitrogen by crops, causing nitrogen deficiency.
Another example is to apply more potassium fertilizer. The excess potassium will reduce the absorption of nitrogen, magnesium, calcium, boron and zinc by the crops, causing the crops to lack these nutrients.
Even organic fertilizer should not be used too much. If it is applied too much, the contradiction between the microorganisms in the soil and the crops will "compete for nitrogen" and "deprive nitrogen", causing the soil to be short of nitrogen for a period of time, and the excess organic matter will form complexes or chelates with zinc, which will reduce zinc. Effectiveness.
To prevent "compromising" between fertilizers, the following methods can be adopted:
1. Balance fertilization as much as possible
Partial application or more application of elemental fertilizers to crops not only wastes fertilizers and increases production costs, but also easily leads to the lack of some other nutrient elements. When fertilizing, according to the different fertilizer structure of crops and the fertilizer supply capacity of the soil, make sure that the amount is different, and the balance of many nutrients is not biased, so that you can get along well.
2. To increase and increase, decrease and decrease
According to the ratio of the demand of different crops to the most nutrient elements, increase and increase, or decrease and decrease.
Compared with simple fertilizers, the ratio of nutrient elements in compound fertilizers or compound fertilizers is more appropriate and coordinated. Therefore, compound fertilizers should be used as the main fertilizer when fertilizing, supplemented by elemental fertilizers. For example, for crops that require a large amount of potassium such as tubers and roots as harvest objects, they can be added appropriately on the basis of applying sulfur-based compound fertilizers. Potassium sulfate elemental fertilizer is used as a supplement.
3. Stagger the application period or application site
If zinc fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are mixed, it will inevitably produce "combination". Therefore, phosphate fertilizer should be used as base fertilizer or base fertilizer, and zinc fertilizer should be used as topdressing. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other macro-element fertilizers should be mainly rhizosphere topdressing, and micro-fertilizers should be sprayed on leaves.
Fourth, reduce the scope of contact
Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers can be applied by spreading methods; phosphate fertilizers can be concentrated fertilization methods; micro-fertilizers can be seed dressing, seed soaking, root dipping methods, etc., so that the trace elements are limited to the roots in a small range, try not to Element contact.
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