Straw has always been a big problem for farmers. Because straw treatment is very troublesome, it will waste a lot of manpower and material resources. If it is not treated, it will lead to environmental pollution. The state advocates straw returning measures to change the straw problem, but why many farmers complain about straw Is it not good for the crops in the field? The following small series will be analyzed in detail for everyone.
 First, why can't you burn straw directly in it?
In the past, many of our farmers’ friends were very guilty of treating the corn stalks that had stood in the field after the corn was harvested. In desperation, many people used to slash them and then piled them together and burned them directly. In fact, direct burning of straw is laborious and laborious, and there are a lot of sulfur dioxide and respirable particulate matter harmful to the human body in the pyrotechnic dust. It also causes thick smoke to spread everywhere, affecting traffic safety, and dryness in autumn and direct burning of straw in the ground. (especially when encountering windy weather), accidentally causing the fire to spread, "burning the fire", igniting the surrounding flammable materials, causing a very serious fire damage, maybe you have to pay for it. Indemnify others for their economic losses.
In addition, burning straw in the ground is also very harmful to the soil. A continuous fire will increase sharply during the geothermal period. The high temperature will not only burn all the beneficial microorganisms in the soil of the cultivated layer, but also mineralize the organic matter and humus in the soil, directly causing the soil. The biological balance is broken, the soil trait structure is destroyed, and the soil compaction is aggravated, the soil fertility is greatly reduced; and the phosphorus, potassium, crude protein, crude fat and many kinds of crops and field weeds are contained. Trace elements are also burned directly, wasting a lot of effective nutrients. How can such a land grow good crops and get good yields?
In addition, it must be said that the state stipulates that those who deliberately burn crop straw will be fined 200 yuan. If the circumstances are serious, they will be detained for 5-10 days and given a fine of less than 500 yuan. Those who have serious property losses will be detained. 10-15 days and a fine of less than 1,000 yuan, causing major property damage or casualties will be punished by 3-7 years. Is the consequence very serious?
Second, what are the hazards of improper returning straw? How to do it scientifically?
    1. The amount of straw returned to the field should be reasonable
If the amount of straw returned to the field is too large, the field is not uniform, or the field is unreasonable, it will cause running, wind leakage, water loss, crop emergence, frequent disease, and soil microbes and wheat seedlings converted from straw to compete for nutrient substances. It is easy to induce the problem of low emergence rate, weak yellow seedling or even dead seedlings or reduced yield of post-crop crops.
The amount of straw returning to the field can be 300-400 kg per mu. The specific conditions should be flexibly determined according to the water source of the plot and the actual conditions of the cultivation. The straw in the returning field is fully rotted and does not affect the normal cultivation of the post-crop crop. good. If the amount of straw is too large, it will not only affect the decomposition rate of straw in the soil, but also adversely affect the root development and seedling growth of the post-crop crop, resulting in loss of crop yield.
    2, returning straw to be crushed
Many farmers' friends think that if the straw is returned to the field, the long straw will be chopped into the ground and the straw will be returned to the field. Note that the straw of the returning field is not easy to be pulverized too long. If the length of the smashed straw is too long, it will not be easily buried in the soil after returning to the soil, and the decomposition time of the rot in the soil will be prolonged, whether it is after The sowing of the crops is not good for the emergence and growth of the crops.
Generally speaking, the straw smash length for straw returning should be no more than 10 cm, and the length is 3-6 cm, and the more broken, the better, so that it is not easy for the straw returning to the field to run, leak, The problem of emergence rate, in addition, the height of the stubble of the straw is not higher than 5 cm.
    3, after the straw is crushed to be treated
After the stalks of the stalks are crushed, the first thing to do is to ensure that the broken rods are evenly spread on the surface, and then the hoes and the long stalks are further pulverized by heavy hoeing or rotary tilling 1-2 times. More finely stalked straw can not only be broken down faster, it is very beneficial for planting or emergence of the crops.
In addition, deep burying and glanding should be carried out in time after ploughing the straw, and the depth of burying should not be less than 10-20 cm to ensure that the broken rods and soil and fertilizer can be fully mixed.
    4, straw returning to fertilize
For the land that is returned to the field, supplementing nitrogen fertilizer is a very important part. If you do not supplement the nitrogen fertilizer, it will cause the seedlings to suffer from weak yellow seedlings due to insufficient nitrogen. This is also an important reason why many farmers' friends complain that the straw returning to the fields is not good.
For corn returning to the field, after the straw is crushed and sprinkled, 20 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per acre is evenly applied to the straw layer, and then the land is deeply ploughed.
Because straw returning to the field requires a lot of water in the process of decay decomposition, it should be timely poured 3 water (1 ploughing water, 1 frozen water, 1 returning to green water), otherwise it will easily cause slow decomposition of straw and soil drought. The lack of water in wheat makes the wheat yellow or frozen, and because of the soft soil, the land that does not water the soil, the crop is prone to lodging in the later stage.
In order to promote the faster and better decomposition of the straw, it is also possible to apply a certain amount of straw decomposing agent or quicklime.
    5, returning straw should be disinfected
Because many straws contain diseased bacteria or pest eggs, in order to avoid bringing pathogens into the soil, on the one hand, seed dressing or coating treatment should be carried out on the other hand, and on the other hand, before the straw is buried in the ground. Sterilization and disinfection treatment. For the straw in the diseased corn field, it is best not to return the field, but it can also be used after high temperature decomposing.
Straw returning is actually a good method to deal with straw, because it can increase the fertility of the land to promote the growth of crops, but you should pay attention to mastering the techniques of returning to the field, otherwise it will be appropriate to oppose the growth of crops. The above is the method of straw returning and the precautions shared by Xiaobian. I hope to help the growers.
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