Cultivation Techniques of Carrot in Small Arch Shed Covering in Spring

Seeds are generally collected in spring, cultivated in the open field in autumn, and bolted easily in spring cultivation. Selecting bolting-resistant varieties, using small arch sheds to cover off-season cultivation in early spring, market in midsummer, yields of up to 3500-4000 kg per mu, with significant economic benefits. The main points of cultivation techniques are as follows for reference.

1. Apply enough base fertilizer to prepare the ground finely

Carrots are root vegetables, so sticky soil, stubble plots or plots damaged by nematodes should be avoided. Choose sandy loam or loam with deep soil, fertile soil, good irrigation and drainage, and good permeability, which is very beneficial to seedling emergence, growth and root expansion.

Before sowing, deep plow and fine harrow, apply enough base fertilizer, apply 4000～5000 kg of circle fertilizer per mu, 20～25 kg of superphosphate or diammonium phosphate, 25～30 kg of potassium sulfate, or 30～40 kg of saccharum, and spread evenly. Turn, the depth of the ploughing layer is about 25 cm, and make the border after leveling.

2. Sowing at the right time

Determining the appropriate sowing date is the key to high yield and high efficiency of spring carrots. Too early spring sowing of carrots is easy to bolt, and too late sowing causes fleshy roots to swell in the high temperature period above 25 ℃, which is easy to produce a large number of deformed roots and affect the quality. The suitable temperature for the expansion of carrot fleshy roots is 18℃～25℃. In order to avoid the later high temperature, it should be planted as early as possible within the range of suitable planting period. Generally, when the ground temperature of 5 cm is stable above 12 ℃ and the average daily temperature reaches 14.5 ℃, sowing can be done.

3. Variety selection

According to the characteristics of cold weather in early spring and easy bolting of spring sowing carrots, spring sowing should adopt varieties with strong winter resistance and resistance to bolting, and according to the consumption characteristics of the local market, choose varieties with good market consumption, good quality, high yield, and early maturity. In general, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and other large and medium-sized cities should choose the varieties of peel, pulp and center column all red for consumption. The fine varieties currently used in production are mainly introduced from abroad, such as Japanese Kuroda Gosun, Improved Kuroda Gosun, Hiroshima, and Azalea. There are also local carrot varieties such as Xiaodinghong and Zhadihong, the traditional farming varieties in my country.

4. Seed soaking

Since carrot seeds have a low germination rate, generally only 65% ​​to 70%, if the germination conditions are poor or old seeds are used, the germination rate will be lower. In early spring, small arched carrots are not conducive to seed germination and unearth due to low temperature. In order to ensure that the carrot seeds emerge neatly and the seedlings are strong, the seeds can be soaked to accelerate germination before sowing, and the seedlings can emerge 5 to 6 days earlier. The method is: rub off the bristles on the seeds before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water at 30℃～40℃ for 12 hours, remove them and put them in a damp cloth bag, place them at 25℃～30℃ to accelerate germination, use morning and evening every day Rinse with clean water* to keep the seeds moist and uniform in temperature and humidity. Wait 3 to 4 days for most of the seeds to show their white buds before sowing. Finely processed seeds with high germination rate are generally 300 grams per mu.

Five, sowing shed

Due to the drought and little rain in spring, it can be used for flat-border spreading. Generally, the width of the border is 2 meters, and the width of the net border is about 1.8 meters. It can be planted in 8-10 rows, that is, the row spacing is 18-22 cm, and the trenching depth is about 2 cm. In order to sow evenly, it can be mixed with sand for sowing. Cover the soil after sowing and flatten the suppression. Then water it. After the water seeps, stick the border surface to cover the mulch, insert bamboo pole arches across the border surface, cover the shed film, and press tightly around it.

6. Temperature management in the shed

After sowing, the temperature should be higher before emergence. The temperature in the shed can be controlled at 28℃～30℃. During the day, the temperature in the shed should be increased as much as possible. Generally, seedlings emerge about 10 days after sowing. The mulch should be removed in time before emergence. After emergence, it depends on the weather. Properly ventilate and reduce the temperature and humidity in the shed. During the day, the temperature is 20°C to 25°C. At night, the air and ground temperature is still low. The air vent is airtight, and heat preservation is the main method.

Seven, weeding and thinning

Generally, about 20 days after emergence, choose fine weather, open the shed in the afternoon for thinning, and pull out the dense seedlings, bad seedlings and weeds in time. *Second thinning is carried out when the seedlings are 1 to 2 true leaves, the seedling spacing is 3 to 4 cm, the second thinning is when 4 to 5 true leaves are used, and the seedlings are fixed at 6 to 7 leaves, and the seedling spacing is 8 to 10 cm. Then the shed was built. In order to prevent weeds and timely weeding and weeding, 50% trifluralin can be sprayed to weed when the weeds are exposed for 2 to 3 days. Pay attention to soil cultivation during cultivating to prevent the top of fleshy roots from protruding from the ground to form green shoulders.

8. Water and fertilizer management

Water thoroughly after sowing, and basically do not water the seedlings during the seedling period. After removing the shed, start watering, and apply 10 kg of urea per mu with water. Carrot fleshy roots enter the swelling period when the fingers are thick, and should be watered in time to keep the ground wet and dry. Combined with watering, apply urea and potassium sulfate 2 to 3 times, each time 15 to 20 kilograms of urea and 5 kilograms of potassium sulfate. .

Nine, harvest

When carrots mature, the leaves no longer grow, no new leaves are seen, and the lower leaves turn yellow. They can also be harvested in time according to market demand. If there is a 0℃～3℃ cold storage, it can be stored after harvest and can be used throughout the summer or further processed for export to earn foreign exchange.

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