The purpose of breeding and management of laying hens is to provide the laying hens with a healthy and egg-producing environment to the utmost extent, to fully display their genetic potential and produce more high-quality commercial eggs.
First, environmental control
1. Temperature
The suitable temperature range for laying hens production is 13-25 °C, and the optimal temperature range is 18-23 °C. Relatively speaking, cold stress has less effect than heat stress. At higher ambient temperatures, egg weight begins to decrease at approximately 24°C; egg production at 27°C decreases, egg weight decreases, shell thickness decreases, and mortality increases; egg production at 37.5°C The amount dropped sharply; at temperatures above 43°C, hens will die in excess of 3 hours.
2. Light
In order to allow the hens to start production at the right time and reach the peak, the potential for egg production is fully exerted. In production practice, from 18 weeks of age, extend the light by 0.5-1 hour per week, gradually increase the light time during the laying period to 14-16 hours, and then stabilize at this level until the end of the production. If the natural lighting of the flock is not enough, the artificial lighting will make up for it. In order to facilitate management, it is possible to set the lighting time from 6:00 AM to 8-10 PM regardless of the season, that is, turning on the lights at 6 AM each morning, turning off the lights after sunrise, and turning on the lights until the specified time before sunset. Fully artificial light chickens can start from 6am to 8-10pm.
3. Humidity
The suitable environmental humidity for laying hens is 60%-65%, but in the range of 40%-72%, as long as the temperature is not high or low, the chicken has little effect. At high temperatures, chickens mainly evaporate and radiate heat. If the humidity is high, it will hinder evaporative heat dissipation and cause heat stress. Under low-temperature and high-humidity conditions, chickens dissipate more heat, consume more food, increase feed consumption, and reduce production performance in cold weather. In the feeding and management process, the leakage of water can be minimized, the excrement can be removed in time, and the ventilation in the house can be kept well, which can reduce the humidity in the house.
4. Ventilation
Ventilation and ventilation can supplement oxygen, drain moisture and harmful gases, and keep the air in the house fresh and suitable. During the hot season, ventilation and ventilation are intensified, while in the cold season, ventilation can be reduced. However, in order to keep the air fresh, a certain amount of ventilation must be maintained.
The harmful gases that affect the chickens in the shed are the following: 1 Carbon dioxide: Mainly produced when the flock is breathing, it is generally required that the content in the house not exceed 0.2%. 2 Ammonia: mainly produced by the decomposition of fecal anaerobic bacteria, ammonia is easily adsorbed on the surface of water and the mouth, nose, eyes and other mucous membranes and conjunctiva of chickens and directly invade chickens. The general requirements cannot exceed 0.02%. . 3 Hydrogen Sulfide: Decomposed from sulfur-containing organic compounds. Excessive standards can cause acute pneumonia and pulmonary edema and tissue hypoxia. 4 Microbial Dust: Various microorganisms in the house are adsorbed on dust and water droplets. Inhalation into the respiratory tract by chickens induces and spreads various diseases.
Second, the daily management of laying hens
1. Observe the flock
Pay attention to the mental status and fecal conditions of the flock, especially after turning on the lights in the early morning. If diseased chickens are found, isolate the diseased chickens and report the management personnel. Observe the feeding and drinking conditions of the flock and pay attention to the neck, the L-wing, the licking, the quail-egg chicken and the chickens out of the cage. Check the facilities and operation conditions in the house, and find problems to solve in time.
2. Reduce stress
Sudden changes in any environmental conditions can cause frightening chickens and stress reactions. Outstanding performance is loss of appetite, decreased egg production, production of soft eggs, mental stress, and even indiscriminate bleeding caused by visceral death. These performances take several days to return to normal. Therefore, we should carefully formulate and strictly implement scientific management procedures. The chicken house should be kept in a stable manner. The daily working procedures should not be easily changed, the movement should be steady, and the voice should be light. The number of times of entering and leaving the chicken house should be reduced as much as possible to keep the house stable.
3. Reasonable feeding and sufficient drinking water
Regardless of the method used to feed, it must be performed in accordance with the recommended feeding standards for the breeder's breeding manual. Excessive or too little will have adverse effects. Once established, it should not be easily changed. Care should be taken during feeding to prevent uneven spreading. To ensure uninterrupted supply of clean drinking water, pay attention to the supply of clean warm water when the temperature is low, and provide cold water when the temperature is high.
4. Maintain environmental hygiene
Indoor and outdoor timing cleaning, keep it clean and hygienic. Regularly clean and disinfect utensils.
5. timely harvest
The egg laying peaks are generally 3-4 hours after sunrise, and the afternoon egg production accounts for 20%-30% of the whole day. Therefore, treat quail eggs at least once a day in the afternoon. When quail eggs move lighter, reduce damage.
6. Timely elimination of low-yield, discontinued chickens
Eliminating low-yielding chickens and stopping chickens in a timely manner can save feed, reduce costs, and increase the utilization of cages.
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