Site layout and chicken house construction The chicken farm site is ideal for sites with high groundwater, easily drained flat or slightly sunny slopes. Site soil requirements have not been contaminated by pathogens of infectious diseases or parasitic diseases, and have good air permeability and water permeability, and can keep the site dry. The water source should be sufficient, the water quality is good and meet the requirements of GB5749. The surrounding environment is quiet, away from the downtown areas and heavy industrial areas, and promote the construction of scattered sites. The traffic should be convenient and the power should be sufficient.
There are many types of broiler houses, which can be flexibly built according to the scale of feeding, economic strength, etc. In rural areas, new types of greenhouses are encouraged. The basic requirements: 2.5 meters high on the roof, 1.2 meters high on both sides, with convection windows, open skylights on the sunny side of the roof, large windows or doors on the two sheds, and installation of exhaust fans. This design can be combined with natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation to achieve effective ventilation and reduce costs. The roof is covered with a layered cover technology: the first layer is made of no-drop film, the second layer is made of grass seed, the third layer is made of crushed wheat straw, rice husk, rice straw and other heat insulation materials more than 5 cm. The fourth layer is ordinary plastic. The film is finally covered with a layer of grass rakes and fixed and compacted.
Feeding chicks and chicks to choose from a reliable breeder hatchery to purchase varieties of good, pure, breeding breeder chickens have no epidemic disease occurred, and according to the production schedule to arrange the young chicks into the time and quantity. At the same time, it is necessary to grasp the essentials for selection of chicks: chicks must be hatched from 52 to 65 grams of eggs, and the same batch of chicks should be from the same parental generation; chickens should have good feathers, clean and shiny; the umbilicus should heal well without infection. No swelling, no black lines, dry feathers around the anus; eyes round and bright, normal standing posture, agile and lively, holding in their hands and struggling, to eliminate chicks with legs, buns, eyes with defects or cross mouths Chicken paws are not dry; chicks hatch 20.5 to 21 days after hatching. Accurately count the number of selected chicks.
Waste Treatment and Drug Residue Control During the observation of the chickens, it was found that the dead chickens should be scooped out in time for burning or deep burial. Dead chickens should not be stored in the houses, feed rooms and chicken houses. Wash your hands with disinfectant after you finish dying. After each batch of chickens were slaughtered, chicken excrement was thoroughly cleaned and transported to a place away from the chicken house.
The problem of drug residue in the production of commercial broilers is an important factor affecting meat quality. The prohibition of the use of banned drugs is strictly prohibited during the production process. According to the product quality requirements, the procedures and methods for drug use are adjusted at any time. The broilers are strictly executed before the slaughter period to ensure the quality of chicken meat. Antimicrobial agents that are allowed to be used in green commercial broiler chicken feed include Bacitracin Zinc, Aureomycin, Oxytetracycline Calcium, Amelomycin, Colistin Sulphate, Enramycin, Kitasamycin, Nosiheptide, and Yellow mold The use of anti-coccidial drugs such as petroleum, which has been approved for use, includes amphetamine hydrochloride plus benzyloxymethylene benzyl ether, ammonium proprioline hydrochloride plus ethoxylated benzyl amide plus sulfaquinoxaline, clopidol, diclazuril, and horses. Amikacin, monensin, narasin, natamycin, chlorpheniramine hydrochloride, seduramycin sodium and the like. It is forbidden to use various antibiotic residue. Antibiotics that are allowed to be used in the treatment of diseases include enrofloxacin, saflufraxacin hydrochloride, tiamulin fumarate, tylosin sulfate, oregano oil, kitasamycin, difluoxacin hydrochloride, and mesylate. Fluofloxacin, apramycin sulfate, thiophenacin, flufenaquin, florfenicol, methylene salicylic acid, etc. The permissible anticoccidial drugs include Amprolium hydrochloride and Dicla Zhuli, sulfachloropyrazine sodium, fenbendazole, fluanizole, hygromycin B, toxotrizole and the like.
Chicken flock immunization and chicken farm disinfection According to the local chicken disease epidemic situation, formulate the actual immunization procedure in accordance with this field, and timely inoculate various vaccines as required. The methods of vaccinating commercial broilers mainly include intranasal eye drops, aerosols, drinking water and muscle or subcutaneous injections. The selected vaccine should come from a regular manufacturer or an imported vaccine approved by the competent national authority. It should be tested for potency before use and properly stored and used.
In and around the chicken house, the surrounding area should be well sanitation. Shelter should not be too dirty, too wet, dust should not be too much, equipment placement orderly, often killing flies and flies. Weeds must be removed in the area, and dead chickens, garbage, etc. must not be placed indiscriminately to maintain good health. The caustic soda disinfection tank shall be provided at the entrance of the field area and the entrance of the chicken house, and the effective concentration of the caustic soda solution shall be constantly maintained. The entrance or exit area or the chicken house shall be stepped on the foot to disinfect the bacteria brought by the sole. The husbandry and management personnel should wear overalls, the chicken farms should restrict the visits of outsiders, and it is even more forbidden to bring chicken carriers into the production area. Feeding equipment should be used to fix the chicken house. Drinking fountains should be washed and disinfected every day, then rinsed with water. Spray disinfection should be performed every 5 days for other utensils.
Air environment and light regulation The broiler chickens tend to have a higher stocking density and produce a large amount of exhaust gas (carbon dioxide) and harmful gases (mainly ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, etc.) every day. In order to remove moisture and harmful gases, supplement oxygen, and maintain proper temperatures, moderate ventilation must be performed to improve the broiler growth environment. In order to prevent light transmission, a closed chicken house should be equipped with a hood at the air inlet and an elbow or a brick shading hole at the outlet. The inlet wind speed is 2.5-5 meters per second in summer and 1.5 meters per second in winter.
The lighting is divided into natural light and artificial light. At present, most of the broilers are broiled with light for 24 hours a day. There are also 23 hours of continuous light, 1 hour of darkness, and 1 hour of darkness. The purpose is to allow the broilers to adapt to the dark environment and not to crowd the birds due to power outages. A windowed chicken house can be artificially supplemented by sunlight during the day with natural sunlight. Intermittent illumination refers to alternating light and darkness, ie, light is applied for 1 hour, 3 hours of darkness or 1 hour of light, and 2 hours of dark alternation throughout the day. With intermittent lighting, the flock must have enough food and drinking water to ensure that the broilers have enough time to eat and drink. Light intensity: 3.56 watts per square meter for 1-5 days, 2.7 watts for 15 days, and 0.7-1.3 watts after 16 days.
Online feeding on the Internet is to build a net rack (available from metal and bamboo materials) at a height of 60 cm above the ground. A metal, plastic or bamboo-and-wood net and grid sheet are laid on the shelf. The chickens are on the net and grid sheet. In life, the chicken droppings fall to the ground through the mesh or the gap between the bars, and a feeding period is accumulated, and they are cleared once the chickens are slaughtered. The advantage of this feeding method is that the chicken does not come into contact with the feces, which reduces the chances of occurrence of coccidia, white fleas, and E. coli diseases, reduces the drug expenses, and improves the feed conversion rate.
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