The meat sheep's concentrate feed mainly includes energy feed and protein feed. In view of the ruminant physiological characteristics of sheep, the raw materials currently used in compound feeds for mutton sheep include: corn, sorghum, bean cakes, coriander seeds, cotton seed meal, and wheat bran. Among them, corn and sorghum mainly provide energy, and other substances mainly provide protein. In order to improve its utilization, it is necessary to carry out processing before feeding. The author will briefly introduce its processing and utilization.
Energy feed processing
70%-80% of energy feed dry matter is composed of starch, and its crude fiber content is relatively low, which is a good feed for palatability. The following are the commonly used processing methods:
Crush and flatten. Pulverization is the most widely used and most convenient method. It uses a mechanical method to destroy the physical structure of the cells, exposing the nutrients covered by the outer skin or shell, and improving its utilization. Such as corn, sorghum, wheat, barley, etc. to smash, you can increase its surface area, so that it is more fully in contact with the digestive juice, so that digestion is more complete. However, the particle size of the feed should not be too small, otherwise it will easily affect the ruminants of the sheep and cause indigestion. It is generally required that the feed be crushed into 1/2 or 1/4 pellets. In the wet and soft state, the energy feed can also be directly fed to the sheep after squashing, which can also achieve the smash feeding effect.
Flooding. Generally, a small amount of water is used to mix the feed and leave it for a period of time. When the water is completely infiltrated and there is no free water on the feed surface, it can be fed.
Liquid culture (germination). In liquid culture, the feed is soaked and germinated to increase the content of certain nutrients and improve the feeding effect. After the cereal feed germinates, it can decompose part of the protein into amino acids, sugars, vitamins and various enzymes and increase the cellulose content. If barley is barely carotenoid before germination, the content of carotene after soaking germination can reach 93 mg -100 mg/kg, the content of riboflavin is increased by 10 times, the content of methionine is increased by 2 times, and the content of lysine is increased by 3 times. . The liquid cultured feed is generally added to a nutrient-poor diet and the feeding effect is good.
Protein feed processing
Protein feed not only has some characteristics of energy feed, such as low fiber, high energy, good palatability, and high protein content. The processing methods for different kinds of protein feeds are different. The processing methods for vegetable protein feed legumes and cakes are mainly introduced as follows:
Beans processing. Beans feed contains a substance called antitrypsin, which acts on trypsin in the digestive tract of the sheep, destroying the molecular structure of trypsin, causing the enzyme to lose its biological activity, thereby affecting the digestion and absorption of nutrients. This anti-trypsin will denature and lose its activity when exposed to heat. Therefore, cooking and roasting are commonly used in the production of beans.
After the cooked soybean cake is crushed, it can be directly added to the diet by a certain proportion. The raw soybean cake contains the antitrypsin and must be steamed or roasted and then fed after being crushed. The particle size of the beancake should be finer than that of corn in order to feed and prevent the picky eaters.
Cottonseed cake processing. Cottonseed cake is rich in digestible crude protein, essential amino acids, and contains more digestible sugars. It is a protein feed with high energy and protein content. However, cottonseed cake contains more crude fiber, and there is a certain amount of gossypol, which is a toxic substance. Therefore, it must be detoxified before feeding. Commonly used methods include: boiling and ferrous sulfate solution immersion.
Rapeseed cake processing. The rapeseed cake is affected by two unfavorable factors: first, the rapeseed cake is bitter and its palatability is poor; second, the rapeseed cake contains sulfur-containing glucoside, which is cracked by enzymes to produce thiazolidinethione. In the case of thiocyanate, mustard meal, and other toxic substances, feed poisoning occurs when fed and handled improperly. Detoxification methods of rapeseed cake are: soil-buried method and ammonia-based method. The method of soil burial is to crush the rapeseed cake into a noodles, mix it with 1:1 water, and place it in the soil pit. The soil is sealed tightly and it can be used after 2 months. The detoxification rate can reach over 89%, while protein The loss rate is only 3%-8%, which can reduce the amount of residue to allowable standards. Ammonia Alkali treatment method is to use 5 parts of concentrated ammonia (containing 28% of ammonia) 5 parts or soda powder for every 100 pieces of rapeseed cake, dilute with appropriate amount of water, and evenly spray on the crushed rapeseed meal, first use plastic. After the paper is stacked for 3 hours to 5 hours, it is placed in a steamer and steamed for 40 minutes to 50 minutes.
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