Middle shed mushroom cultivation

Intensive cultivation of greenhouses is the main mode of mushroom cultivation in China, but it requires a certain amount of land resources, and the construction of greenhouses requires a large capital investment. Comparing the two models of greenhouse planting and greenhouse planting, the biological efficiency of the greenhouse planting can be doubled, the production cost can be saved by 30%, and the net net profit can reach over 5,000 yuan.

First, prepare before planting

(1) Arrangement of cultivation season. In southern Jiangsu, the area will be planted in the middle and late August, and sown in mid-September. The mushroom will be produced in October and the cultivation will be completed in May next year. If the temperature is suitable, it can be planted in advance to the end of August to produce fruit in advance. Subei can sow ahead of time. (2) Selection of cultivation sites. Choose a land with sufficient water supply, groundwater level is not too high, and the thickness of soil layer is not less than 40 cm. (3) build in the shed. The layout of the mushroom shed is in a north-south direction. The middle shed can be built to a variety of specifications according to local conditions: a 4-meter-wide shed, a bamboo scaffold with a height of 4.2-4.3 meters is used to form a 3-meter-high horizontal scaffolding, and bamboo spacing is 70-100 cm. The size of the bamboo strips is determined, and the scaffolding is fixed horizontally with three bamboo pieces. The two sides of the scaffolding are secured with two bamboo stakes; the six-metre-wide shed is made of two 3.5-meter bamboo pieces and is connected to 6.3 meters. Bamboo pieces were erected into scaffolds at a width of 6 meters, and two rows of bamboo piles were used as support. The sheds were made up of two bamboo bamboo stakes with a diameter of 2 meters. They were connected to bamboo on both sides. After the scaffolding is erected, a black plastic film is overlaid on the film, and a straw curtain with a corresponding length is covered on the film. The membrane at both ends of the shed can be opened and closed, and the junction between the two sides of the film and the ground is buried with soil. Each shed is 15 meters in length. The distance between the shed and the shed is 50-70 centimeters, and the middle is digging the drainage ditch, which is 30 cm wide and 40 cm deep. 1 mu of land can take 4 meters wide 14 or 6 meters wide 10, effective cultivation area of ​​3200 square feet, the availability rate of 55%.

Second, mushroom culture fermentation

The suitable formula for cultivating mushroom culture materials per acre shed is: straw 4250 kg, vegetable cake 150 kg, urea 30 kg, ammonium bicarbonate 15 kg, compound fertilizer 150 kg, gypsum powder 100 kg, lime 100 kg, carbon to nitrogen ratio 30:1 4,000 kg of straw, 1,500 kg of dried pig manure, 100 kg of vegetable cake, 30 kg of urea, 50 kg of superphosphate, 100 kg of gypsum powder and 100 kg of lime. Simple secondary fermentation method for cultivation of materials: The raw materials were fermented before pre-humidification at the beginning of August, and were turned 3 times at intervals of 5, 4, and 3 days, and then transferred to post-fermentation. Take a simple 30cm-high bed frame with bamboo sticks, the bed is 1.1 meters wide, the length is decided by the amount of material, the material is piled into the bed, and a bamboo stick with a diameter of 10-15 cm is embedded in the material. The distance is 10-15 cm, and the holes are arranged crosswise. The stack is 1.2 meters high. After the stack is finished, the bamboo sticks will be drawn out. Take a simple arch-shaped bracket outside the material pile, the top material 30-35 centimeters, surrounded by 15 centimeters away from the stockpile, with a white film to close the arch bracket, leaving a vent at the bottom of the floor, the film on top of the arch cross-linked with each other, you can start Closed, the use of solar energy and bioenergy agglomeration, so that the reactor temperature rose to 65 °C, maintain 5-6 hours, then dropped to 50-55 °C, and maintain about 5 days, the end of the culture material fermentation. The fermentation material is preferably at a pH of 7.5 and a moisture content of 58-60%.

Third, land management technology

Ground disinfection: Spray safe insecticides on the ground before feeding, and then spread lime powder on the floor. Bedding: Feeding speed should be fast and the material should be evenly distributed. Bedding should be 15-20 cm thick in the middle of the bed and should be shaped like a turtle, and finally the scraps should be laid on it. Seed bacteria species: When the material temperature dropped to 28 °C can be sowing, the use of grain seeding method, with 300-350 bottles per acre species, with a wooden board to gently flatten the material surface. Fungal management: Closed mushroom shed within 3 days after sowing, mainly moisturizing and resisting high temperature, to encourage the mycelium to germinate and eat; after 3 days, the film was opened, the straw curtain was used to block the wind, and the opening time was shortened and gradually increased. Causes the mycelium to grow into the material. Covering soil management: about 7 days after sowing, when the mycelium reaches the material layer 1/3, it can be covered with soil. The method of covering the soil is to take soil directly from the walkway. Sprinkle the pre-wetted sorghum with 1% lime powder on the walkway and turn it with iron and palladium. Break it evenly with a shovel, and cover it with an iron shovel for about 2.5 centimeters. It can also be divided into secondary coverings. Cover 1-1.5 cm. When the first layer of soil sees the part of the hyphae, the second time the soil is covered, the thickness is still 1-1.5 cm, and then the mushroom water is used to make it mushroom. Autumn Mushroom Management: The two ends of the film open, enhance ventilation, promote hyphae kinks, usually 10-15 days spray 1 water, fruiting period of 7 days spray 1 water, low temperature about 25 days after spraying 1 water. Overwintering management: After the end of autumn mushrooms, open the ventilation at both ends of the shed until the overburden whitish, making it safe for winter. Spring Mushroom Management: In spring the following spring, the temperature rises into spring mushroom management. In the spring, the greenhouse temperature rises 10-15 days earlier than conventional mushroom house. Therefore, the water transfer of spring mushroom should be advanced accordingly, and the amount of water transfer should be less than conventional. Mushroom, other management is basically similar to autumn mushroom.

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