Mushroom open cultivation techniques
First, the election and preparation:
1. Selection of land. In principle, it is desirable to choose non-stick, untamped and undrought sandy land blocks for easy management. It is better to go east and west.
2. Land preparation. In the autumn, the root crop of the former crop was removed and the net was made to be 60 cm wide and 10 to 15 cm deep. The bottom of the trough was in the middle and the two sides were low and shaped like turtles. The mushrooms will be planted in the fields from March 15 to April 15.
Second, preparation before broadcast:
1. Preparation of tertiary bacteria and culture materials. Tertiary species (production species) generally need 18 to 20 bottles per square meter. The formulation of cultivation materials is: sawdust 78%, wheat bran 10%, rice sugar 10%, gypsum 1.5% to 2.0%, plus carbendazim 0.1%, shavings or rice hull not more than 5%. Mix evenly the moisture content of the culture material to 60%. Steam sterilization, steaming on the steamer, the temperature of more than 97 °C steamed 2 hours to pan, into sterile woven bags, Zhakou home cool to 20 ~ 30 °C can be sown.
2. Preparation of straw curtains and racks. Exposed mushrooms need to be shaded with straw curtains. The straw curtain can be made of various straws, straws, tree strips, etc. It is 85 to 100 cm wide, and its length is not limited. Racks take all kinds of trees, length 1 to 1.2 meters.
3. Other material preparation. The polyethylene film was selected to be 0.01 to 0.014 mm thick and 1.5 meters wide. The inoculation box is made of wood that is 8 cm wide (unlimited). Quicklime is prepared at 200 grams per square meter. In addition, preparation of 50-55 cm long corn stalks or straw to dry, before sowing with 1 gram of carbendazim water disinfection.
Third, sowing:
First, dig out the strain from the bottle (bag), remove the old skin and then dice it into small pieces, and then use 2/3 of the bacteria to mix evenly into the cool culture material and spread it onto the plastic inoculation box. After being filled with hands or wooden planks, the turtle shape is spread out, and the remaining 1/3 of the bacteria is evenly sprinkled onto the material surface, and then the material surface can be photographed with a wooden board. Put a piece of corn stover or straw that has been sterilized and hot every 15 to 20 centimeters in the horizontal direction, put one in the middle longitudinally, then reply the plastic film on the other side, and put it on both sides without exposing the culture material and then applying the field again. 15 meters thick.
Fourth, after sowing management:
The growth and development of shiitake mushrooms require nutrients, temperature, moisture, air, light and appropriate pH. After sowing, always check whether there is a place where the plastic film is exposed, and timely cover the soil. Wherever the soil is thin, cover the soil to prevent high-temperature heat from killing the surface mycelium and infecting the bacteria.
1. Hyphae period management. About one week after sowing, fixed spots were observed regularly to observe the situation of germs, and the changes in temperature and moisture in the materials were monitored, and ventilation was conducted in time to prevent direct light irradiation.
2. Change color management. When the material surface mycelium is white and uniform, indicating that the hyphae have eaten through the culture material, it is time to soil. After a certain period of time after the soil was withdrawn, it began to change color. In the conversion period, we must first lay a shady shed and cover it with straw. Secondly, ventilation should be used to promote color conversion, maintain temperature, prevent water from being lost, and eliminate water in the material area in time.
3. Fruiting period management. It is generally planted in early April and can be seen in late August. In this period, shade shade sheds should be adjusted to control air temperature and moisture, strengthen ventilation, reduce bacterial infestation, and prevent drought in the fall.
The appropriate temperature pool for the fruiting period is 5-25°C, the optimum is 12-20°C, the temperature difference between day and night is 5-10°C, humidity is 60%, and the light is scattered light. During this period, the lack of air, easy to deformed mushrooms and mushrooms, can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the straw.
4. Wintering management. Before the landfill, lay leaves or straw on the surface of the material, and cover the plastic film of the original culture material. Prevent excessive winter snow. Water accumulation on the area of ​​the culture material takes too long, causing hyphae to suffocate due to lack of oxygen.
V. Harvest: When the mushrooms grow to be open for harvesting. Dried or dried after harvest.
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