Oysters, commonly known as "yellow glutinous rice" and "chicken oysters," are white and tender, nutritious and delicious, and are known as "marine milk." You Xiaonong, an outstanding fishery demonstration farmer in Qiang Town, Ninghai County, has contracted for the development of oyster aquaculture since 2001. He has meticulously researched and boldly reformed the practice, and actively promoted the use of vertical breeding to increase production year by year. Now we introduce its experience in raising raccoons for reference.
First, choose a good mining sea area
Oysters are a type of marine shellfish that live on a sturdy life. The seedlings used for aquaculture are all natural seedlings in the ocean. Collecting seedlings should choose a low tide, slow flow, and fresh water injected into the muddy medium and low tide sea area (tidal dew exposure time 3 to 4 hours). The salinity of the seawater during picking is most suitable for 17‰ to 20‰, because in this salinity range, the oyster larvae secrete most of the adhesive substances. Once attached to the harvester, it is not easy to fall off and the picking effect is good. In addition, there should be rich pro-bellied resources (ie, second- and third-year-old oysters) in the seedling-seeding areas. In the peak period of picking, 250-300 oyster larvae per cubic-meter body of water can collect enough seedlings.
Second, the specifications and production of seedlingers
1. Specifications of the picker (cement column). Cement column specifications vary from place to place, but they are generally flat, 78 cm wide, 5 to 6 cm high, and 60 to 80 cm long. The excessive cement column will cause inconvenience to operation and handling. Too small will affect the production of attached seedlings and units.
2. Production of cement columns. Mix the cement (high grade), yellow sand, and pebbles with water, pour it into a wooden cement pillar mold frame, compact it, smooth it, and wipe it. During processing, two fine steel wires (without exposed ends) should be placed parallel to the middle of the cement column to increase its breaking strength.
Third, picking season and picking method
1. Picking season. Oyster species and sea environment are different and the seedling season is also different. As far as pleated oysters are cultivated in the coastal areas of Zhejiang, the breeding season is mainly concentrated in the late spring and early summer. Among them, the quality of the seedlings collected from the “summer solstice†to “summer sunstroke†is the best, commonly known as “mildew seedlingsâ€, and has a strong constitution. Large, individual, with seedlings uniform, rapid growth of the advantages; and collected in August seedlings, commonly known as "Wu Mai Wu", the weak seedling body, individual small, attached to the seedling density is too large, does not meet the production requirements. In the first half of the first peak of egg laying by pro-Bai (referring to oysters older than age 2), the seedlings should be put into the sea area in a timely manner, and a type of sessile organisms that are likely to deposit silt and attach barnacles, leeches, etc., will be placed prematurely and invade the seedlings. Adhering to the site will affect the number of seedlings attached to the seedlings;
2. Seedlings. One is a cluster type, in which a few cement columns are inserted obliquely into the mud, and they form a “human†shaped scaffold or a cluster. The second type is a cross-pillow type, in which two cement pillars (about 60 cm apart) are laid on the tidal flat in parallel, and then several cement pillars are placed side by side on it. Adopting the above two methods to collect seedlings can not only slow down the tide speed, reduce silt deposits, and facilitate the attachment of seedlings, but also can avoid direct sunlight and prevent seedlings from being burnt to death. Therefore, the rate of seedling attachment and survival are higher.
IV. Rearing and fattening
1. Move up. After 3 to 4 months of cultivation, seedlings should be "deeply and sparsely cultivated" as soon as possible, that is, the dense cement pillars in the seedling area should be moved to the low tide area for sparse culture to prolong their feeding time and obtain sufficient food. At the same time, vacant land will be cleared for the next year. Compared with the late shift, early growth of the seedlings grew faster, the individual was larger, and the meat was fat. In the same year, the oysters that were raised in October were increased by about 30% compared with the ones that were raised in April of the following year.
2. Fattening. Before the oysters are harvested, the cement pillars in the growing area are transferred to fertile beaches with fertile water and high flow rates for fattening 5 to 6 months before harvest. This is an effective measure to improve the quality and yield of oysters. After the fattened oyster shell is thick and thick and full of particles, the unit yield can be doubled. In order to facilitate the operation and management, the arrangement of cement columns is “individual perforationâ€. The horizontal distance between the two plants is 40 cm and the vertical distance is 70 cm. Each cell is divided into four groups. The distance between each cell is 4 meters. At the same time, the inserted cement columns are required to be straight and tidy, and the mud is solid, and the flow is smooth, facilitating the passage of ships.
Fifth, strengthen the coating management
During the cultivation of oysters, it is necessary to strengthen the management of the coating. If the inclination of the cement column occurs, it is necessary to straighten or lift the plug and remove the sludge and the algae adhering to the oyster shell to restore normal production. At the same time, we must pay close attention to changes in the weather. For example, in summer and autumn, typhoons and torrential rains will often collapse a large number of cement pillars and cause oysters to sink into mud and die. Therefore, it is necessary to rush to repair and repair floodplains, and straighten up the fallen cement pillars to reduce disaster losses. . In addition, all kinds of predatory creatures, such as oystercatchers and oystercatchers, should be removed. Fishing tackle can be used for catching, or soft bamboo, branches and other objects can be inserted at their entrances and exits. They can be scared away by the sound of the tidal current; There are also a variety of snails, such as sedge snails, red snails, and spotted snails, whose major food hazards are larvae, which can be snapped at the time of their ascendance or eradicated along with the egg population.
6. Harvesting of oysters
Oyster culture can be harvested in 18 to 20 months, and the harvest is mainly carried out when the oyster is the most fat (spoon full of creamy white shellfish). Most of the picks in Zhejiang are concentrated in the winter and the spring of the following year. There are three main advantages for harvesting: thick meat, delicate meat, particularly delicious taste, favored by consumers, cold weather, low temperature, and easy storage of products. Within one week, it will not degenerate; in the slack season, a large amount of labor can be mobilized for harvesting.
The method of harvesting oysters is relatively simple. First, the cement column is transported to the sea by a boat or bamboo raft. Then, the sludge and impurities adhering to the clam shell are scrubbed with a water pump, and the clams can be used to open the shells and pick up the clam meat. Put into the basin. However, it is imperative that the epidermis (ie, mantle) of the quail meat be cut when digging the quail meat, otherwise the water in the oyster body will flow out, affecting the product quality and yield.
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