I. Irrigation of winter wheat areas in the North China Plain, including central and southern Hebei Province.
1. Fertilization principle. (1) According to the growth of seedlings, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in batches, and the proportion of application in the middle and later stages of jointing should be appropriately increased. According to the amount of base (basal) fertilizer, seedlings, temperature and soil fertility conditions, the amount of topdressing fertilizer and time were determined. Due to the land, due to seedlings, due to top dressing. (2) According to the soil moisture content and the ability to retain water and fertility, reasonably determine the quantity and time of irrigation, and achieve water and fertilizer management integration. (3) Grasp the favorable timing of wheat returning to green jointing, take prompt measures to promote the transformation of weak seedlings, and increase the percentage of spikes. Control the prosperous plots to prevent later greed green lodging.
2. Fertilization recommendations. (1) Before returning green, the three types of wheat fields with less than 450,000 total stems per acre, lighter leaf color, and poorer growing conditions should be subject to timely fertilizer and water management, and the spring topdressing can be performed in two stages. For the first time in the returning green period, 5-8 kilograms of urea was topped with water per acre; the second time during the jointing stage, 5-10 kg of urea was applied per acre. (2) Before turning green, the total number of stems per mu is between 450,000 and 600,000. The second type of wheat field with small population is combined with watering of 10-15 kilograms of urea per acre. (3) Before returning green, the total number of stems per mu is between 600,000 and 800,000. A suitable group of wheat fields can be combined with watering to recover 12-15 kg of urea per mu during the jointing stage. (4) The wheat fields with a total stem number of more than 800,000 per acre, a dark green leaf color, and a prosperous trend before returning green should be subjected to cultivator suppression during the returning green period, delaying the time of nitrogen application and reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, controlling the population growth, and preventing lodging. And greedy late. Generally, 8-10 kilograms of urea can be applied per acre in the later jointing period. (5) Wheat that suffered from frost damage in early spring should immediately apply 5-10 kg of urea and water, promote the early delivery of wheat, increase the tillering percentage of tillers, and reduce the loss of freezing injury. (6) Do not apply DAP to the base fertilizer without applying phosphate fertilizer or phosphorus deficiency field blocks. The proposal of not applying K fertilizer or applying less fertilizer is followed by topdressing nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer during the regreening or jointing stage. It is necessary to combine the control of sheath blight and one spray, three sprays, and other methods to supplement the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers with the top dressing. Without irrigation conditions or without effective precipitation, foliar spray of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate may be used in the spring to act as a fertilizer. (7) Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer can be sprayed on the wheat grain filling stage to prevent dry hot air and lodging, increase grouting intensity and increase grain weight. (8) In the sulfur-deficient areas of wheat, if the base fertilizer is not applied with superphosphate, potassium sulfate, and sulfur-based compound fertilizers, ammonium sulfate should be used at the time of top dressing, and the amount of sulfur applied per mu is about 2 kg. (9) Many farmers did not squat after planting, resulting in deep sowing of seedlings with weak seedlings. The plots with few tillers and weak seedlings suggested that 10-15 kg of urea be topdressed during the return period.
Second, the northwestern rain and dry winter wheat area, including northern Hebei Province.
1. Fertilization principle. (1) In the winter drought season in northwestern China, the temperature was too high and the precipitation was low. This year, in response to local precipitation and soil moisture conditions, the wheat should be repressed or ploughed before returning green. This will increase flood protection, prevent cold and freeze, promote transformation of the seedlings, and increase wheat growth. Drought resistance and cold capacity. (2) Focusing on the seedling situation, seize the opportunity to carry out top fertilizer and chemical regulation in the early spring and promote the combination of control and promotion to ensure stable production and increase production of dryland wheat.
2. Fertilization recommendations. (1) To prevent late drought, dryland wheat should be promptly taken effective water conservation measures to prevent and reduce the loss of soil moisture before the closure of early spring wheat. Immediately before the soil is thawed and returned to green, it will be suppressed or plucked in a timely manner to break up the rubbish, solidify the soil, and raise the soil. For dry lands that have been poured over wintering water, they should be demarcated early before thawing and returning green, and the compaction should be removed to eliminate cracks. Before wheat closure, 200-300 kilograms of wheat or corn stalks per mu can be used to cover the rows to reduce losses caused by evaporation of soil moisture. (2) In fields where there is insufficient input of fertilizers, it is necessary to seize the timing of rainfall and timely conduct fertilizer application in early spring in wheat. The nitrogen-depleted field uses 5-7 kg of urea per mu, and the phosphorus-depleted field uses 7-10 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu. In dry lands with irrigation conditions, combined with spring watering, the nitrogen-deficient field block applies 6-8 kg of urea per acre, and the phosphorus-deficient field blocks 8-10 kg of ammonium phosphate per acre. (3) Earlier sowing, the high winter fertility caused by the high amount of fertilizer should be promoted and controlled. In drylands without irrigation conditions, it is necessary to suppress and raise the land as soon as possible. In drylands that have been irrigated through wintering water, early scratching should be conducted and watering in spring should be postponed until late jointing. (4) The sowing of late plots and weak seedlings should be combined with the conservation of earthworms as soon as possible to make shallow delimitation, increase the temperature of the soil, and promote the development of weak seedlings.
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