Ordinary cultivation of yam, prone to hairy, rough skin, bending and childbirth and other phenomena, seriously affecting the yield and quality of yam, and the use of plastic casing cultivation of yam, not only can solve the above problems, improve the commercial quality of yam, but also has Time saving, convenient harvesting, multiple investment at a time, etc. Its main cultivation techniques are as follows:
Preparation before planting
A plastic tube with a 6 to 7 cm inner diameter is used to process the plastic tube. A small piece of 1 meter is sawed with a hand saw and a knife is cut longitudinally to divide the tube into two halves. Then the end of the plastic tube is at a distance of 20 cm from the port to the port. Diagonally cut the port into a horseshoe shape. From the other end of the plastic tube to the middle part, drill with a hand drill or an electric drill, with a hole diameter of 1 cm and a spacing of 3 cm. Each row is used for 6 holes and 4 rows are played. The processed plastic casing can be used for 6 to 8 years.
The ditch buried casing is generally dig gouache ditch in April, with a width of 30-40 cm, a depth of 50-60 cm and a spacing of 60 cm. During the excavation, the soil shall be taken in layers for backfilling. Fill the groove bottom and place the plastic sleeve evenly at a distance of 30 centimeters so that one end of the incision is upward, and then fill the soil layer 15 centimeters thick. The edges are firm, and the plastic sleeves are arranged in a row at an inclination of 60 degrees. Flush. Then backfill the soil 10-15cm, fill in half of the ripe soil, be careful not to trample, then apply 4000kg of good quality organic fertilizer per acre, mix the applied organic fertilizer and soil, and then use The ripening soil fills the yam ditch.
The whole wolfberry makes a mark every 2 rows of yam, which is 1.4 to 1.5 meters wide. Before making hoeing, apply 2000 kg of good quality organic fertilizer per acre, and pour it into a flat surface after deep turning. Mark the line of the plastic sleeve at both ends of the file so that the plastic sleeve can be found when sowing.
Seed preparation
Firstly, seed potatoes were prepared with yam bean, and then yam segments were used as seed potatoes for 3 consecutive years, which can effectively prevent the degradation of yam seed potatoes. The yam bean harvested in autumn is planted at a spacing of 3 cm, and can be harvested for 20 to 30 cm long yam tubers in the fall of the following year. The whole tuber is used as a seed potato. The yam segment is a portion of the upper end of the yam harvested from the tuber, which is 20 cm long and weighs about 50 grams. Drying before sowing, so that the wound healed, and then layered storage, storage should pay attention to antifreeze.
Suitable sowing
The seed potatoes prepared from the yam seedlings must have bright color, full top buds, thick tubers, rare tumors, few roots, no pests, no rot, and no frost, weighing about 150 grams. The sowing of the yam section requires that the diameter of the yam section be intercepted on the upper end of the bud with a length of 20 cm and a weight of about 50 grams. Drying before sowing, so that the wound healed, and then layered storage, storage should pay attention to antifreeze.
Suitable sowing
The seed potatoes prepared from the yam seedlings must have bright color, full top buds, thick tubers, rare tumors, few roots, no pests, no rot, and no frost, weighing about 150 grams. The requirements for sowing with yam segments are 3 cm in diameter and 15-20 cm in length.
15 to 20 days before germination, the yam segments stored in layers were removed and placed on the environment of 25°C to 28°C to induce germination. When the yam sprouts emerge from the sand, they can be sown.
Sowing dates are generally sown in late April. First open the ditch along the marked row with a hoe and ditch 8 to 10 cm deep to find the plastic casing and then water it. After the water infiltration, the seed tube is inserted into the tube, exposing the nozzle 3 to 5 centimeters. The wet soil is covered on the seed potato first, and then a layer of dry soil is covered. After the water is saturated with the dry soil, the planting trench is dried with dry soil. Flattened.
Post-planting management
The cultivating and cultivating can not only preserve the earthworms, but also increase the temperature of the soil and promote the unearthing of yam. After planting, it should be cultivated one or two times in a timely manner. To prevent the growth of weeds after excavation, 2 to 3 times of shallow cultivator should be carried out. As the yam grows, the cultivars should stay away from yam plants.
When the yam stem is 30 centimeters long, take the “person†frame and raise it 1.5 to 2 meters high, and be firm to prevent it from being blown by the wind. To introduce vines in time, generally do not remove lateral branches, but to remove airborne stalks that are not reserved for use in a timely manner. Excessive number of aerial stems will affect the swelling of yam tubers.
Watering When the yam stalk is about 1 meter long, pour the first water. The watering should not be too early, otherwise it will delay root growth. The amount of water should be small, flooding should not be flooded. After 7-10 days pouring the second water, the amount of water can be larger. It is advisable to water afterwards to keep the soil dry. When the main vine grows to the top of the plant, when the bottom of the plant begins to produce lateral branches, keep the soil moist.
Fertilizer is generally topdressed for the first time in the second or third watering, with topdressing 10 kg of urea per acre. When the yam bean begins to expand, the second fertilizer is applied, and 30 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied per acre. When the yam bean grows and some yam beans begin to fall off, a third dressing is performed, and 20 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied per mu.
Timely harvest
In late October, the aerial shoots and leaves were harvested when dead. When harvesting, remove the brackets and vines first, dig the soil from one side of the yam trench until the plastic casing is completely exposed, remove the yam and the plastic casing together, and open the plastic casing to remove the yam.
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