Cutting seedlings are characterized by the use of certain parts of certain vegetables to easily produce adventitious roots. These parts are treated with plant growth regulators and cultured under appropriate environmental conditions to promote rooting and shoot to form new seedlings. Vegetable cutting seedlings can increase the reproductive coefficient of vegetables, speed up the breeding process, and maintain the purity of the variety; cutting seedlings save seed compared to sowing seedlings, short seedling time, convenient management, low cost and can be used to stand up sports seedlings, save space, in production It has a large promotion value. The following small series to specifically talk about the insertion of seedling technology.
First, the fiber insertion technology
1 Insert density
The effect of cutting density on the quality and yield of seedlings has been discussed in detail in sowing seedlings. There is a contradiction between the quantity and quality of seedlings. In order to ensure the high yield of strong seedlings, it is necessary to study the density of cuttings. The density of inserts on production is now very different, mostly too dense.
The density of cutting seedlings is expressed in the row spacing of the plants. The size of the plant spacing varies depending on the species climate, soil, mode of operation, and tools used. Due to the different conditions, the variation of the specific plant spacing is large. In short, in order to ensure a reasonable density, it is also necessary to take care of the seedling management work. It is recommended that the row spacing of the one-year-old cuttings seedlings be 8~60cm, and the row spacing is 25~80cm. The selection principle is that fast-growing tree species with large crown width (such as large crown-shaped poplar) should use large plant spacing; slow-growing, small-width needles and broad-leaved tree species should use small plant spacing.
2 nursery pattern and mode of operation
2.1 Young crop pattern
Scientific experiments have shown that breeding seedlings of fast-growing tree species such as poplars is beneficial to seedling growth with large spacing and small plant spacing under the same density conditions, and better seedling quality than equidistant (square) configuration.
2.2 Working methods
In order to facilitate the management of seedlings by mechanical or animal power, trees with fast roots and easy to survive, such as poplars and willows, should be raised with high ridges (70~80cm wide at the bottom) and high ridges and low beds for cutting seedlings. Compared with the flat work, it has the following advantages: convenient soil management, rapid rooting of cuttings, seedling saving, and rapid growth of seedlings. For tree species with slow rooting, the management of seedlings should be meticulous, and seedlings should be used for seedling raising.
3 cutting period and cutting technology
3.1 Cutting period
It is early in the spring, before the leaf buds sprout, the cuttings are carried out, and the frozen areas in the northern winter are inserted immediately after the soil is thawed. The survival rate of the spring in the north is higher than that in the autumn. In areas with severe wind and sand damage in winter, spring cuttings are better.
Autumn inserts can be inserted with the soil before freezing, without the need to store branches or cuttings. However, in the cold regions of the north, the cuttings inserted in autumn are susceptible to freezing damage. In the arid area, the first bud is easy to die, so it is generally not inserted in the autumn.
3.2 Cutting depth
Different tree species have different cutting depths under different environmental conditions. Too deep, low ground temperature, insufficient oxygen supply, is not conducive to rooting of cuttings; too shallow, insufficient water for cuttings, easy to dry the cuttings. The deciduous tree species should have a bud in the upper part of the earth in the general conditions or in the saline soil. In the arid area and the sand nursery, the upper part of the cuttings is level with the ground. In order to prevent the evaporation of water, the upper part of the cuttings can be covered with soil and will be germinated. To cover the soil; the depth of the evergreen tree species inserted into the ground should be 1/3~1/2 of the length of the cuttings.
3.3 Interpolation method
3.3.1 Direct insertion method
Insert the cuttings directly into the depression. You must be soft.
3.3.2 Perforation
Pierce with a perforator first, then insert the cuttings. The depth of perforation is 1~2cm shallower than the depth of insertion of the cuttings into the depression. When inserting the cuttings, the cuttings under the cuttings must be in contact with the soil to facilitate water absorption, otherwise the survival rate will be reduced. Therefore, generally do not use perforation.
3.3.3 Mud plug
Before the cuttings, the water will be irrigated once, and the water will be directly inserted immediately after the water seeps. Regardless of the type of insertion, the soil must be crushed after the insertion, so that the soil and the cuttings are closely combined.
3.3.4 Cutting angle
The cutting angle of the cuttings is vertical and inclined. The specific application depends on the length of the cuttings and the climate and soil conditions of the depression. Short spikes, long spikes obliquely inserted; drought straight, wet oblique insertion; inserted with vertical buds inserted vertically.
4 Management of nursery fields
4.1 Irrigation
After the cutting, the water should be poured, and the water should be poured for the second time. In the cuttings of deciduous tree species, when the spring cuttings are not rooted, the soil moisture content should be 60%~70% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field, and 80% should be maintained for Populus tomentosa. Evergreen trees should be irrigated frequently.
4.2 Loose soil
After irrigation, it is necessary to loosen the soil in time to maintain good permeability for rooting. It is absolutely not allowed to form a knot in the soil where the cuttings are inserted.
4.3 Controlling transpiration measures
Whether the evergreen tree cuttings survive or not, in addition to the speed of rooting and cutting, there is also the problem of water balance in cuttings. If the amount of transpiration is large and the water balance is lost in the cuttings, it will not survive. In order to maintain the water balance of the cuttings, measures such as shading and sprinkler irrigation are generally used.
4.4 Topdressing
When the cuttings are rooted, the nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in time to promote the growth of the roots. If phosphate fertilizer is not used as the base fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer should also be applied. In the seedling stage, phosphate fertilizer and urea can be used for root dressing to promote seedling growth.
4.5 Irrigation
Others such as irrigation, cultivating and weeding, and pest control, refer to the relevant part of sowing seedlings.
4.6 Removing mites and smears
For example, the cuttings of poplars and willows will have more shoots. In order to concentrate the nutrients of the seedlings and accelerate the growth of the seedlings, when the seedling height reaches 15~20cm, the clumps should be selected to leave one plant. Drop it.
The buds are also called buds. For example, poplars and willows should be removed from the young shoots and the shoots born from the leaves in the early stage of the fast-growing period. Because this early-born side branch affects the quality of the seedlings. For example, many of the axillary buds of the year of cooperation Yang sprouted into side branches, which should be removed in time to promote growth. The buds should be carried out when they are young, saving labor and effort. Once it reaches half-lignification, it affects the effect. When smearing, be careful not to hurt the skin of the seedlings.
Second, the cutting season
The key to summer cutting is to increase the relative humidity of the air, reduce the transpiration intensity of the cuttings, and improve the survival rate of the branches and leaves. The other key to cutting the three seasons is to take measures to increase the ground temperature.
Third, the advantages and disadvantages of fiber insertion
1. Advantages of cutting propagation: It can maintain the excellent characteristics of the original variety, the seedling is fast, the flowering is early, the breeding material is sufficient, and the seedling volume is large. It is easy to breed, and this method is often used for flowers that are not easy to produce seeds.
2, the shortcomings of cutting propagation: the life expectancy is shorter than the seedlings, the seedlings, the grafted seedlings; the roots are weaker and shallower; the woody plants are prone to partial crowning; the management is fine and relatively labor-intensive.
The above is the introduction of the technology of inserting and seedlings. Cutting cutting seedlings must select suitable cutting parts and cutting methods on vegetable plants, treat them with appropriate growth regulators, and manage the temperature and humidity after insertion to make the cuttings successful.
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