In the soybean production in many regions of our country, there are problems such as ignoring fertilization and extensive management, resulting in poor soybean quality and low yield in these areas. In order to help local farmers increase their yields, experts are invited to explain the characteristics of soybean fertilization and related technologies.
Does soybean have nodules and nitrogen fixation?
In the high-yield cultivation of soybean, timely and appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer. It is completely different from other crops such as corn and cotton. It is necessary to select nitrogen fertilizers and control them when they are controlled. The main reason is that although the nitrogen content of soybean is high, the source of nitrogen in the body can be obtained from three aspects: First, the soil nutrient pool supplies effective nitrogen; Second, there is nodules on the soybean root, and it is possible to carry out symbiotic nitrogen fixation. This is the bean. An important source of crop nitrogen, when conditions are suitable, the nitrogen-fixing amount of rhizobia can meet about half of the nitrogen needed for high-yield soybeans, and even more; and third, it is fertilization.
If excessive chemical nitrogen fertilizer is applied to soybeans, root nodules are inhibited. The number of root nodules in soybean is reduced, the tumor size is small, and the rate of nitrogen fixation is reduced.
How to apply nitrogen to soybeans?
There are two key stages in the application of nitrogen to soybeans: the “seedling stage†is a critical period for the requirement of nitrogen, and the quantity required is small, but it is critical that applying a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer at the time of sowing can promote seedling growth. Especially in plots with special nitrogen deficiency, early application of nitrogen fertilizer can promote seedling growth and root development. Carbohydrates in the shoots are transported to the roots, which can induce nodules nitrogen fixation. Seedling stage is to use phosphorus diammonium as a seed fertilizer, or compound fertilizer strips containing low-nitrogen phosphorus and potassium. It is appropriate to apply a depth of 2 to 3 inches below the seed. The preferred varieties of soybean nitrogen fertilizer include ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and potassium nitrate.
"From the beginning of flowering" to the "fruiting period" is also a crucial period for the large amount of nitrogen in soybeans. The lack of nitrogen affects both the yield and the quality and reduces the content of amino acids. Nitrogen fertilizer and a small amount of urea can be topdressed.
How much phosphorus and potassium nutrients do soybeans need?
Each production of 100 kg of soybean grain needs: nitrogen 7.5 ~ 9.5 kg; phosphorus pentoxide 1.5 ~ 2 kg; 2.5 ~ 3.5 kg of potassium oxide. The effect of phosphorus on the growth and development of soybean is very important. The critical period of nutrient nutrition in soybean phosphorus is at the seedling stage. Phosphorus not only promotes root growth but also favors the development of root nodules and enhances the nodule's ability to fix nitrogen. Phosphorus is abundant during flowering, which can shorten the process of grain formation and promote protein synthesis and transformation. Phosphorus deficiency can cause flower failure. Experience has shown that, in legume crops, the emphasis on the application of phosphate fertilizer can achieve the effect of "nitrogen addition by phosphorus". The application of potash fertilizer can promote the growth of soybean seedlings, and the stems are strong and prevent lodging.
Soybean root nodules can be necessary for trace element fertilizers?
The moderate amount of nutrients, calcium, and micronutrients, molybdenum, have an important effect on soybean nodule formation and can increase the number of root nodules. The micronutrient boron also directly affects flowering and grain development. In soybean production, trace elements can be supplemented by seed dressing and soaking at the time of sowing. It is also possible to supplement calcium and boron, molybdenum, sulphur, etc. in the medium and trace elements by spraying special-purpose compound foliar fertilizer during the flowering period.
Because soybeans are agricultural products rich in vegetable oils, proteins, amino acids, vitamins A, D, E, and other nutrients, it is important to pay attention to fertilization. Only through balanced fertilization can we achieve high yield and quality. In conclusion, the appropriate application of nitrogen and phosphorus seed fertilizers at the seedling stage of soybean is beneficial to the development of roots and the induction of root nodules.
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