Kidney beans, also known as cowpeas, green beans, beans. Taking tender vegetables as edible parts, it is rich in nutrients and fresh in flavor, and is well received by consumers.
1. Demand for environmental conditions
(1) The temperature is not heat resistant and frost. The germination temperature is 20 to 25 ° C, and it is not germinated above 40 ° C and below 100 ° C. Fertility is suitable for about 25 °C during the day and 10 to 15 °C during the night. Pollen germination is suitable for temperature of 20 ~ 25 ° C, above 30 ° C high temperature, no increase in pollen, falling flowers and pods, even at high temperatures into pods, pods or deformed. Short-term encounter below 5 ° C low temperature, chlorotic to yellow, in low temperature plants around 0 °C frozen to death. Rhizobium growth is favorable at 23 to 28 ° C, and there is almost no rhizobium when it is lower than 13 ° C gas and ground temperature. The accumulated temperature required for the bean to be planted to flowering is: dwarf variety 700-800 ° C, vine variety 860 ~ 1150 ° C.
(2) Light Beans hi light, light saturation point 35,000 lux, light compensation point 1500 lux. When the light is insufficient, the flowering and pods are few, and the flowers are easy to fall. Most of the varieties are not strict with the length of sunshine. They are of the intermediate type. When the sunshine hours are 8 to 10 hours, the flowering is good and the pods are many, but less than 6 In hours, due to insufficient assimilation, flowering and pod formation is significantly reduced. Therefore, the cultivation of protected land should meet the illumination of more than 8 hours.
(3) Humidity Beans are drought-tolerant and resistant to sputum, and the soil needs to be moist and loose. If the soil moisture is too large, the oxygen content is low, and the plants become yellow, shed, and grow poorly. Suitable soil moisture is 60 to 70% of the field water holding capacity. A suitable air humidity is 65 to 75%. When the humidity of the air is high, the pollen cannot develop normally and the flower falls seriously.
(4) The soil and vegetable beans are not strict with the soil requirements, but the loam with good texture and good drainage is better. Soil viscous roots are poorly developed and plants do not grow. It is better to use PH6-7.
Although the root system of the bean has a nitrogen fixation effect, it is still necessary to apply sufficient nitrogen fertilizer in the cultivation. Dwarf lettuce has a short growth period, and sufficient fertilizer has an important effect on increasing production. The beans are followed by potassium and phosphorus. But as long as the nitrogen fertilizer is sufficient, there is no need to apply special potassium fertilizer. The application of boron and molybdenum has a certain effect on improving the yield and quality of kidney beans.
2, cultivation technology
(1) The variety of cultivated beans is divided into two categories: dwarf and vine. The short-lived varieties include tender stems, beans, suppliers, American peas, winners, etc.; the vine-type varieties include Harvest No. 1, Chunfeng No. 2, Double Bean, Yufeng, and Teyou.
(2) Cultivation season The greenhouse vegetables can be cultivated in autumn and winter, and can also be cultivated in winter and spring. However, due to the high yield of cultivated melons and solanaceous vegetables in winter and spring, the benefits of kidney beans are relatively poor and less cultivated. Therefore, the current greenhouse beans are mainly mainly autumn and winter, which not only fills the gap in winter, but also needs to be reversed.
(3) Fertilizing the soil to apply 3,000 to 5,000 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manure, 30 to 40 kilograms of superphosphate, 100 kilograms of grass, then deep-cutting, leveling the ground, and then planting the area in the indoor sowing area 55 cm, short Seeding 45 cm line spacing ditch, ditch depth 30 cm, fertilization and soil in the ditch fully mixed, watering the ditch, lifting soil ridge, ridge height 15 ~ 18 cm.
(4) Seeding method Before seeding, the seeds are dried for 12 to 24 hours, soaked in warm water for 3 to 4 hours, and then placed at 25 to 28 °C for germination, and can be sown after 1 to 2 days. Seed sterilisation can also be carried out, and soaking for 20 to 30 minutes with a 1% formaldehyde solution having a seed weight of 0.3% can prevent anthrax.
The ridges are sown on the ridge, and the front and the dense are thin. The average hole distance is 20 cm, and the vine is 25 cm. After opening the hole, watering in the hole is on-demand, and each hole is sown with 3 to 4 points of granules, covering 3 to 5 cm of soil, and the seeding amount of vines is 3.5 to 4 kg, and the dwarf species is 6 to 7 kg.
(5) Post-broadcast management
1 Temperature management After the sowing, the ground temperature of 20 °C is conducive to emergence, and when the outdoor temperature is lower than 15 °C, the membrane should be buckled in time. After the film is pressed, it is preferably 20 ° C during the day and more than 25 ° C. Keep it at 15 °C or more at night. If it is not enough, cover the external insulation equipment, such as straw curtains and paper quilts.
2 Fertilization, watering, topdressing and watering should master the principle of “small seedling period, control of vines, and promotion of podsâ€. Depending on the soil moisture, the seedlings are watered once after the seedlings are watered. After that, the water is properly controlled. When there are 3 to 4 true leaves, when the vines are inserted into the rack, the water is poured once, and the amount of ammonium nitrate is 15-20 kg. Promote vines. From then on until the flowering period is the seedling stage, it is necessary to control the water to control the fertilizer, and promote the development of pods from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. If there is too much water in this period, the stems are long, which not only affects the development of the root system, but also falls into the pods and empties the scorpions.
The opening period of the first inflorescence is the turning point of the transition of vegetative growth. Generally, it cannot be watered. After the first inflorescence is opened, the beans are transferred to the vigorous period of demand for fertilizer and water. Generally, after the first inflorescence young pods are extended, the seedling topping water can be ended, and the watering amount is gradually increased afterwards, and the relative humidity of the soil should be kept at 60 to 70%. Water once every harvest, but avoid the flowering period. Watering twice to catch a chemical fertilizer, using 15 to 20 kg of ammonium nitrate per acre, and rushing into the fertilizer with water. After the weather is cold, the watering should be appropriately reduced, and the watering should not be soaked in the planting ridge.
In the pod-forming period, 800 times of beauty pods and 3000 times of Tianfengsu can be sprayed alternately.
3 Plants are adjusted to grow vines with 4 to 8 leaves. The scorpion is topped when it is about 20 cm away from the front roof film. In the later stage, it is necessary to promptly remove the old yellow leaves of the lower disease, improve the conditions of the lower permeability, and promote the germination of the lateral branches and the flowering and pod formation of the latent flower buds.
4 Harvesting 60-70 days after harvesting, can be harvested continuously for 30 to 60 days or longer; 50 to 60 days after dwarf seeding, harvesting can be continuously harvested for 25 to 30 days. Harvesting affects production too early, affecting quality too late, generally 10 to 15 days after flowering is a suitable harvesting period, and harvesting is carried out 2 to 3 days in the pod season.
Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If legal rights of third parties are involved, please inform this website. phone
Fresh Half Shell Mussel Meat,Half Shell Mussel Meat,Frozen Cooked Mussel Meat,Frozen Mussel
Shengsi Xiangyuan Aquatic Products Co.,Ltd., , https://www.mytilus-edulis.com