Chestnut has strong adaptability, drought resistance, and relatively low tolerance, suitable for planting in the mountains of our province, and it can also maintain water and soil. However, if farmers neglect the management of the growth period, not only the tree vigor will weaken, the yield will be low, and the quality will be poor. It will also affect the fruit production and quality in the coming year. The timely summing up of technology can not only prolong the growth cycle of chestnut, save a lot of manpower and material resources, but also increase economic efficiency.
â–¡ Zou Yuanxiang Special Correspondent Zhou Chao Wenwen/Figure
On September 22, the agricultural technicians of Dadukou Town, Naxi District, Bozhou City came to the head of Liu Kefen, a chestnut grower in Limu Village. The site summarized Liu Kefen's technical points for the management of the chestnut growth period.
Soil management
The key to soil management in mountain chestnuts lies in reasonable irrigation and tree cover. From July to September, there is often early volatility, and irrigation should be performed to keep the soil moist and ensure the water demand during the peak period of fruit growth. Each plant should be irrigated with 50 kg of water. When necessary, irrigation should be performed once every half month. The tree plate covers the middle and late July. Before the drought comes, rice straw, wheat straw or weeds are used to cover the canopy drip line with a thickness of about 10 cm to maintain water and fertilizer, regulate ground temperature, and promote root growth.
Pest control
The main diseases of chestnut include blight, powdery mildew, and anthrax.
Blight - control methods are mainly to strengthen the chestnut management and enhance tree vigor. For disease-causing plants, the affected area was removed between May and June. The wound was disinfected with a 400- to 500-fold antibacterial agent and Bordeaux fluid was applied to protect the shoots. Spraying the Bordeaux mixture on branches also reduced the infection during growth.
Powdery mildew - can be sprayed in the early stages of the Baume 0.2-0.3 degrees lime sulfur or 50% wet extirpative 1000 times, 10-15 days after the spray.
Anthracnose - cut off diseased branches in the autumn and winter. In March-June, spray 3-4 times of 500-800 times of chlorothalonil, scrape the disease before germination in early winter or spring, apply or spray 40% Familis arsenic 50-100 times to the branches to kill residual pathogens .
Chestnut pests such as chestnut bees, chestnut-like weevils, and peach aphids. Chestnut honey bees: 6-July spray 1 or 2 dimethoate, parathion and so on. Chestnut Weevil: In the July-August months when adult worms unearthed tender fruits and young leaves, the crown sprayed trichlorfon, etc., sprayed once every 10 days, and even sprayed 2-3 times. Myzus persicae: The larvae hatched in mid-August, and sprayed twice to kill pine and trichlorfon.
Stable fruit
Nitrogen is the main fertilization every spring, with phosphorus and potassium, each tree in the tree plate open shallow shallow urea 0.1 pure plus fertilizer 0.1 to 0.2 tons, after the application of soil. If there is more fruit, you can use more than yours. If you have a strong tree and few fruit, you can use less.
Strong fruit fertilizer. 7-8 months each year is the rapid expansion of chestnut fruit, adult tree 0.2 to 0.3 kg of urea per plant or 50 to 100 kg of human and animal waste, and 0.5 to 1 kg of superphosphate, potassium chloride 0.3-0.75 kg.
Foliar spraying fertilizer. From May to June each year, the rapid growth of new shoots and the fruit development period of July-August, each spray once 0.2% 0.3% borax + 0.2% 0.3% urea + 0.25% 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture.
Reasonable pruning
The pruning of the initial result tree should continue to be based on the principle of expanding the canopy and entering the full fruit period as soon as possible. Light shear is used during pruning to regulate the balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, laying the foundation for stable yields.
The new result tree should pull branches on the main lateral branches before the buds germinate to promote bald sprouting and increase the number of shoots in the plants and middle and lower shoots. Before the buds sprout, a considerable part of the thin and weak branches should be sparsely removed, and only some weak and weak branches should be kept in the empty parts of the canopy to carry out heavy and short cuts to promote their germination and auxiliary branches. For extension branches, short cuts should be used to promote branching, and to cultivate lateral branches and resultant branch groups. However, the short-term application is limited to the central stem, the main branches and the extension branches of the lateral branches at all levels. If necessary, light cuts are made at the full shoots of the extension branches at all levels, and light trimming is used as much as possible to facilitate early results and enhance the tree vigor.
Fruit topping
When more than 6 buds grow in front of the mixed inflorescence at the beginning of the young fruit tree, 4 or so buds should be preserved in front of the fruit. Precooking can not only improve the strength of the end of the year, but also improve the fruit's ability to achieve continuous results and increase the output of the following year. For chestnut trees with continuous results of more than 2-4 years, the overlapping spring shoots are generally removed. For the crown, there are vacant sites where the male squid branches are shorted by 2-3 buds and the strong branches are supplemented. After pollination by pollinating male squid, if the crown needs to replenish the shoot, one or two buds may remain short at the base.
Flower and fruit management
Short male flowers, when the male inflorescence is 2 cm long, keep 3-5 inflorescences at the top of the shoot, and sparsely remove the rest. Sparse dredging, the time should not be too late, when the sparse flower, try to retain the big fruit, good flowers that grow out of the lower part of the fruit branches, and sparse the small flowers. Generally, it is appropriate to keep 1-3 female inflorescences on a fruit branch; When the young cubs have a diameter of 0.5 cm, they will be 2-3 per fruit branch 30-35 cm long; fruit trees will be 20-30 cm long and 1-2 will be dredged. The fruit branches that grow weaker only keep one.
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