The term "dead fetus" as used here refers to the normal fetus, the white fetus, which died during the delivery of the sow. Excluding the mummies and black births that formed during the pre-pregnancy period, the major reason why sows gave birth (white fetuses) was because the sows had a long period of labor during the delivery process. The sow’s normal production process (the process from the first piglet to the entire discharge of the tire-bearing garment) is 2.5-3 hours. A farrowing period of more than 3 hours is regarded as an extension of labor, and prolonged production can lead to the death of the piglet at birth. Because the sows contract due to placenta during delivery, poor blood flow, resulting in part of the piglets off the placenta, umbilical cord break, cut off umbilical piglets must be produced within 5-10 minutes, if the sows due to various factors caused by the prolonged production process, broken navel If the piglets have not been produced yet, the piglets will die due to lack of oxygen. According to relevant statistics, the extension of the sow's production process causes the death of the broken umbilical piglet to account for 80%-90% of the total stillbirth. First, causes of prolonged sow labor 1. Sows at the time of childbirth body condition too fat or too thin. During pregnancy, feeding sows at high levels for a long time will increase the rate of stillbirths in sows. Excessive sows will cause excessive body fat, resulting in excessive fat deposition around the uterus, subcutaneous, and peritoneum. When sows are farrowed, the sows are prone to fatigue, the birth time of litters is longer, and the mortality rate of the piglets is high. However, when the sows are too thin, due to lack of productive force during delivery, the uterus is weak and prone to prolonged labor. Increased fetal deaths. 2. Sows eat too much before giving birth, causing the sow to bear too much weight in the bowel during delivery, and it is difficult for the piglets to produce the oppressed fetus, which results in prolonged labor during childbirth. 3. Hot summer weather, sows are prone to constipation. Due to constipation, gastrointestinal emptying is blocked for a long time, so that the feces is full of the intestines, oppressing the birth canal and affecting the birth of the fetus; at the same time, the sows suffer from constipation, long-term anorexia does not eat material, physical weakness, lack of delivery, sows are easily dystocia or prolonged labor, stillborn occur. 4. Due to the high temperature in summer, the sow's production process is generally longer. According to statistics, the piglets that are delivered at high ambient temperatures from May to October have an average piglet yield of 0.3 to 0.4 pigs per month lower than the ambient temperature, which is mainly due to the high temperatures in the summer that cause sows. The prolonged production process. Due to the high temperature in summer, the sow is affected by heat stress and the body secretes excessive stress hormone epinephrine. Epinephrine causes uterine vasoconstriction, which results in a decrease in oxytocin reaching the uterine smooth muscle. The uterine muscle does not receive enough oxygen, causing the frequency and intensity of uterine contractions to decrease, resulting in prolonged delivery. 5. Due to the first delivery, the individual first-born sows have greater stress and are often irritated and restless. The body also secretes a large amount of epinephrine, thereby inhibiting the number of oxytocins reaching the uterine smooth muscle, so that the primiparous sows are able to give birth. Extension of labor. 6. When a sow is infected with a reproductive disease or a general high fever disease, it will cause sows to produce stillbirth and prolonged labor. Second, control measures. To reduce the piglet's stillbirth rate at the time of sow farrowing, it is necessary to prevent the sows from prolonging the production process and to minimize the farrowing time. In production, it is mainly to strengthen feeding and management prevention. 1. Control the body condition of the sow during delivery and prevent it from becoming too fat or too thin. The body condition of the sows at the time of childbirth in actual work should be full back, with a flat upper line, without any prominent bones. Below the lumbar vertebrae, there should be a lacune in front of the ribs and in front of the pelvis. Therefore, pregnant sows should be restricted by the fetus in the growth and development of the law 98 days before and the sows are fat and thin, feeding from 100 days of pregnancy to 3 days before the full free to eat, this will not only improve the newborn piglets weight, but also Prevent sows from getting too fat. 2. The sows must be restricted before feeding. In order to reduce the adverse effects of overweight gastrointestinal burden on litter size, sows should start restriction within 3 days before birth (based on the expected date of production). The limiting standard is: 3 kg per head per day on the 3rd day before delivery, prenatal 2 kilograms per day per head, 1 kilogram per day per day on the first day of prenatal day. When sows are farrowing, the farrowing meal is not fed and 0.5 kilograms are fed every other day. For example, the sow gives birth in the morning, and the sow in the morning. Stop feeding, feed 0.5 kg in the afternoon, give birth in the afternoon, stop feeding in the afternoon, feed 0.5 kg in the morning on the first postpartum, feed 0.5 kg in the afternoon, 2 kg per head on the 2nd day after delivery, and post 3 days after delivery 3 kilograms per day, 4 days after delivery - weaned to eat freely. That is, the number of prenatal restrictions is more or less, and postpartum feeding is increasing from less to more to prevent postpartum indigestion of sows. 3. Prevent sows from prenatal constipation. It is suggested that 1% sodium sulfate and 0.5% rhubarb soda powder should be mixed into the feed 1 week before and after the sow to make the feces of the sow soft and moist, which will facilitate the smooth movement of the defecation. If the conditional pig farm can use lactation, better. 4. In summer, it is necessary to strengthen the sunstroke prevention and cooling of pregnant sows, especially the sows in the later stage of pregnancy and the sows in the upper part of the breeding bed. The pregnant sows are limited in size and have high density and heat dissipation, especially during the late pregnancy. Eat more, increase body heat after eating, body temperature rose about 0.5 °C before eating, reaching 39.5 °C, when the sow body temperature of 102-110 days of pregnancy maintain the temperature for a long time, the piglet death rate increased at the time of delivery, so when When the ambient temperature reaches 30°C or above, it is recommended that the spray temperature be reduced for the pregnant sows to be bred at half an hour intervals, flushing water for the laboring sows in the delivery room, and minimizing the effect of heat stress on the sows. 5. For the farrowing house, keep the house as quiet as possible, especially for the primiparous gilts. When the sire is restless, it can be helpful to massage the breasts to make them quiet. 6. The piglets dry the mucus after birth. After drying the coat, they should immediately be placed next to the sow's breasts to receive milk. Through the piglets' continuous sucking of the nipples, the sow's hypothalamus can be stimulated to secrete oxytocin and cause the uterus to contract. This not only helps Smooth delivery and shortening of labor will also help milk discharge. 7. Do a good job in vaccination to prevent sow reproductive disorders and timely treatment of sick pigs, especially fever sows. Third, the correct use of oxytocin. For a variety of causes of prolonged labor, can be solved by the correct use of oxytocin. 1. During sow farrowing, do not use oxytocin in the case of successful farrowing (one piglet is produced in 10 minutes), but when the next piglet is still not produced within 30 minutes, it is recommended to inject 10 IU immediately. For midwifery, if the piglet is still not produced within 20 minutes after the injection of oxytocin, it is necessary to check if the sow is difficult to produce so that timely delivery of midwifery can be achieved. 2. There are 4 points to note when using oxytocin: (1) sows whose cervix mouth is not open (that is, the first piglet is not produced) are banned. (2) Dystocia sows should be banned, such as pelvic stenosis, birth canal stenosis. (3) Prohibition of overuse: In the delivery process, an injection dose cannot exceed 10 international units. High-dose oxytocin injection will cause strong uterine contractions and paralysis. Piglets will be more difficult to produce and die. Postpartum uterine fatigue , May cause the retention of the placenta to cause mycitis. (4) After giving birth, the injection of 3-4 international units of oxytocin to the sow can help the complete discharge of placenta and lochia, thereby reducing the occurrence of metritis. (Source: "Rural farming technology" 2004.13)
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