Wintering cultivation of kidney beans is a cultivation method in the autumn or early winter when planting in a sunny greenhouse, listing on New Year's Day or Spring Festival.
Cultivation facilities and time In the wintering cultivation, the growth period of the beans is all in the cold winter. Therefore, the cultivation facilities used must have good insulation properties. At present, only the solar greenhouse with good performance can reach the above standards. The sowing time should be determined according to the insulation of the facility, lighting conditions, cultivation management level, planting mouth and time required. Seeding can be carried out from late August to early October. The early seeding yield is high, but the benefits are average. If the solar greenhouse has good lighting conditions and high management level, it can be broadcasted late and will be listed before the Spring Festival to improve economic efficiency.
2, variety selection of beans for winter cultivation, should choose less branches, small-leaf type of mid-maturing, early-maturing vine varieties, commonly used varieties have a green, 芸 Feng (623), Lufeng No. 1, old and less.
3, seed treatment before sowing, you must choose full of seeds, pure new seeds. In order to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases and promote the robustness of seedlings, pharmaceutical treatment should be carried out. The commonly used methods are:
3.1 Soak seeds with 0.1% formalin solution or 50% dexamethasone 200 times solution, rinse with water and sown. It can prevent the occurrence of anthrax.
3.2 Washing 1 kg with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 5g can prevent the occurrence of blight.
3.3 Soaking seeds with 0.08-0.1% ammonium molybdate solution can make the seedlings strong and the rhizobial bacteria increase. When the ammonium molybdate solution is used for seeding, the ammonium molybdate should be dissolved with a small amount of hot water, and then diluted with cold water to the required The concentration was then placed in the sputum for 1 hour, rinsed with water and sown.
4. After harvesting before site preparation, the dead leaves of the residual plants should be removed in time and irrigated once. 2-3 days in the sun, 4,500-6,000 kilograms of fermented organic fertilizer per hectare, 750 kilograms of superphosphate, 25-30 centimeters deep, 5-7 days of drying, flattening, sorghum or middle The little cockroach, 畦 1-1.2 meters wide.
5, sowing 2 rows per seeding, line spacing 50-60 cm. Open the hole at a hole distance of 25-30 cm, the depth of the hole is 3-4 cm, and pour enough water into the hole. After the water seeps, 3-4 seeds are planted at each hole, and the soil is about 2 cm. Do not seed the seeds in the water or cover the soil too deep to prevent rotten seeds. When conditions permit, the ground film can be covered before sowing. According to the hole distance, cut the cross on the mulch with a blade, and open the hole for sowing. After sowing, restore the cruciform membrane mouth to the original position and press a little fine soil. After the seedlings are unearthed, the mulch around the seedling holes is sealed in time to prevent the steaming of the seedlings under the membrane. In order not to affect the ventilation and light transmission of the cardamom, reduce the drop of flowers and pods, and increase the yield of kidney beans, it can be intercropped with other dwarf leafy vegetables. 1-2 leeks can be used as a dwarf leafy vegetable.
6, field management
6.1 Replenishing seedlings: After the bean leaves are unfolded, it is necessary to check the seedlings and make up the seedlings in time. Ensuring that the bean sprouts are one of the key measures to increase production.
6.2 Watering: When the seeding bottom is sufficient, from the seeding and emergence to the first inflorescence tender pods, it is necessary to carry out several times of cultivating loose soil, promote the root system, and the leaves grow vigorously to prevent the seedlings from growing. In case of drought, watering can be done once before vines, and then ploughing the soil in time. The first inflorescence tender pods begin to be watered after sitting, and should be ensured that there is sufficient water supply. Watering should pay attention to avoid the flowering period, prevent a large number of falling flowers and pods, causing a reduction in production. When the outside temperature of the membrane is high, it should be watered in the morning and evening. Before the membrane is closed, the outside temperature is low. You should choose to water the water before noon on sunny days. After watering, it should be ventilated in time to remove moisture and prevent condensation at night, causing disease. In order to prevent the water from lowering the ground temperature, it should be watered as little as possible, as long as the soil is moist, do not water. Generally, water is poured 1-2 times in November, and when the temperature starts to rise after February, the number of watering can be gradually increased.
6.3 topdressing. After each flowering pod is seated, combined with watering, each application can be applied with 225-300 kg of ammonium sulfate or 50 kg of urea, with 15 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 15,000 kg of dilute human waste. Later, it is carried out according to the growth of the plant in combination with the use of pests and diseases. The foliar fertilizer can be used with 0.2% urea, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.08 ammonium molybdate, photosynthetic micro-fertilizer, high-efficiency phytochemical, etc.; all of them can improve the pod sitting rate, increase the yield and improve the quality.
6.4 Controlling the length: 3-4 pieces of true leaf stage of seedlings, 15ppm paclobutrazol wettable powder solution can be sprayed on the leaves, which can effectively prevent or control the growth of plants and increase the rate of strong pods per plant by about 20%. If there is a long-term phenomenon after the shed, you can spray the same concentration of paclobutrazol once more. Spraying 10ppm-25ppm naphthalene acetic acid and 0.08 boric acid solution on the foliar surface during flowering can prevent the flowering of the east pod.
6.5 hanging vines: When the plants start to vine, they should use nylon rope to hang the vines. When the plants grow to the top of the shed, they can be used to vine, vine, extend the harvesting period, increase the yield, and remove the old leaves before vines. And take out the shed, and then remove the stem part of the old leaf together with the hanging vine rope around the root, so that the plant growth point in the whole shed is evenly distributed on a south low north high slope.
6.6 Temperature management: The solar greenhouse generally buckles the plastic film in the first ten days of October, and ventilates day and night within 7-10 days after the film is buckled. As the outside temperature decreases, the ventilation and ventilation time should be gradually reduced, but there should still be a certain amount of ventilation at night to reduce the temperature and humidity of the shed. When the minimum outside temperature drops to 13 degrees, the vents should be closed at night and only the top wind should be placed. When the minimum temperature is less than 10 degrees at night, close the tuyere and only ventilate when the temperature is high during the day. After the end of November, the nighttime film should be covered with grass to prevent freezing and prolong the harvesting period. The principle of temperature management after the film is: after the emergence of the daytime temperature control is 18-20 degrees, more than 25 degrees should be timely ventilation; night control is 13-15 degrees. During the flowering and pod-forming period, the daytime temperature is maintained at 18-25 degrees and at night it is about 15 degrees. Temperatures above 28 degrees, below 13 degrees will cause the flowers to fall. Pay special attention to avoiding high temperatures at night.
7. In the wintering cultivation, the price before the New Year's Day and before the Spring Festival is the highest. Therefore, we should concentrate on harvesting at these two times, but we should also pay attention to timely harvesting, avoid harvesting too late, aging the pods, and reducing the quality of the products. .
Wintering cultivation of kidney beans is a cultivation method in the autumn or early winter when planting in a sunny greenhouse, listing on New Year's Day or Spring Festival.
Cultivation facilities and time In the wintering cultivation, the growth period of the beans is all in the cold winter. Therefore, the cultivation facilities used must have good insulation properties. At present, only the solar greenhouse with good performance can reach the above standards. The sowing time should be determined according to the insulation of the facility, lighting conditions, cultivation management level, planting mouth and time required. Seeding can be carried out from late August to early October. The early seeding yield is high, but the benefits are average. If the solar greenhouse has good lighting conditions and high management level, it can be broadcasted late and will be listed before the Spring Festival to improve economic efficiency.
2, variety selection of beans for winter cultivation, should choose less branches, small-leaf type of mid-maturing, early-maturing vine varieties, commonly used varieties have a green, 芸 Feng (623), Lufeng No. 1, old and less.
3, seed treatment before sowing, you must choose full of seeds, pure new seeds. In order to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases and promote the robustness of seedlings, pharmaceutical treatment should be carried out. The commonly used methods are:
3.1 Soak seeds with 0.1% formalin solution or 50% dexamethasone 200 times solution, rinse with water and sown. It can prevent the occurrence of anthrax.
3.2 Washing 1 kg with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 5g can prevent the occurrence of blight.
3.3 Soaking seeds with 0.08-0.1% ammonium molybdate solution can make the seedlings strong and the rhizobial bacteria increase. When the ammonium molybdate solution is used for seeding, the ammonium molybdate should be dissolved with a small amount of hot water, and then diluted with cold water to the required The concentration was then placed in the sputum for 1 hour, rinsed with water and sown.
4. After harvesting before site preparation, the dead leaves of the residual plants should be removed in time and irrigated once. 2-3 days in the sun, 4,500-6,000 kilograms of fermented organic fertilizer per hectare, 750 kilograms of superphosphate, 25-30 centimeters deep, 5-7 days of drying, flattening, sorghum or middle The little cockroach, 畦 1-1.2 meters wide.
5, sowing 2 rows per seeding, line spacing 50-60 cm. Open the hole at a hole distance of 25-30 cm, the depth of the hole is 3-4 cm, and pour enough water into the hole. After the water seeps, 3-4 seeds are planted at each hole, and the soil is about 2 cm. Do not seed the seeds in the water or cover the soil too deep to prevent rotten seeds. When conditions permit, the ground film can be covered before sowing. According to the hole distance, cut the cross on the mulch with a blade, and open the hole for sowing. After sowing, restore the cruciform membrane mouth to the original position and press a little fine soil. After the seedlings are unearthed, the mulch around the seedling holes is sealed in time to prevent the steaming of the seedlings under the membrane. In order not to affect the ventilation and light transmission of the cardamom, reduce the drop of flowers and pods, and increase the yield of kidney beans, it can be intercropped with other dwarf leafy vegetables. 1-2 leeks can be used as a dwarf leafy vegetable.
6, field management
6.1 Replenishing seedlings: After the bean leaves are unfolded, it is necessary to check the seedlings and make up the seedlings in time. Ensuring that the bean sprouts are one of the key measures to increase production.
6.2 Watering: When the seeding bottom is sufficient, from the seeding and emergence to the first inflorescence tender pods, it is necessary to carry out several times of cultivating loose soil, promote the root system, and the leaves grow vigorously to prevent the seedlings from growing. In case of drought, watering can be done once before vines, and then ploughing the soil in time. The first inflorescence tender pods begin to be watered after sitting, and should be ensured that there is sufficient water supply. Watering should pay attention to avoid the flowering period, prevent a large number of falling flowers and pods, causing a reduction in production. When the outside temperature of the membrane is high, it should be watered in the morning and evening. Before the membrane is closed, the outside temperature is low. You should choose to water the water before noon on sunny days. After watering, it should be ventilated in time to remove moisture and prevent condensation at night, causing disease. In order to prevent the water from lowering the ground temperature, it should be watered as little as possible, as long as the soil is moist, do not water. Generally, water is poured 1-2 times in November, and when the temperature starts to rise after February, the number of watering can be gradually increased.
6.3 topdressing. After each flowering pod is seated, combined with watering, each application can be applied with 225-300 kg of ammonium sulfate or 50 kg of urea, with 15 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 15,000 kg of dilute human waste. Later, it is carried out according to the growth of the plant in combination with the use of pests and diseases. The foliar fertilizer can be used with 0.2% urea, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.08 ammonium molybdate, photosynthetic micro-fertilizer, high-efficiency phytochemical, etc.; all of them can improve the pod sitting rate, increase the yield and improve the quality.
6.4 Controlling the length: 3-4 pieces of true leaf stage of seedlings, 15ppm paclobutrazol wettable powder solution can be sprayed on the leaves, which can effectively prevent or control the growth of plants and increase the rate of strong pods per plant by about 20%. If there is a long-term phenomenon after the shed, you can spray the same concentration of paclobutrazol once more. Spraying 10ppm-25ppm naphthalene acetic acid and 0.08 boric acid solution on the foliar surface during flowering can prevent the flowering of the east pod.
6.5 hanging vines: When the plants start to vine, they should use nylon rope to hang the vines. When the plants grow to the top of the shed, they can be used to vine, vine, extend the harvesting period, increase the yield, and remove the old leaves before vines. And take out the shed, and then remove the stem part of the old leaf together with the hanging vine rope around the root, so that the plant growth point in the whole shed is evenly distributed on a south low north high slope.
6.6 Temperature management: The solar greenhouse generally buckles the plastic film in the first ten days of October, and ventilates day and night within 7-10 days after the film is buckled. As the outside temperature decreases, the ventilation and ventilation time should be gradually reduced, but there should still be a certain amount of ventilation at night to reduce the temperature and humidity of the shed. When the minimum outside temperature drops to 13 degrees, the vents should be closed at night and only the top wind should be placed. When the minimum temperature is less than 10 degrees at night, close the tuyere and only ventilate when the temperature is high during the day. After the end of November, the nighttime film should be covered with grass to prevent freezing and prolong the harvesting period. The principle of temperature management after the film is: after the emergence of the daytime temperature control is 18-20 degrees, more than 25 degrees should be timely ventilation; night control is 13-15 degrees. During the flowering and pod-forming period, the daytime temperature is maintained at 18-25 degrees and at night it is about 15 degrees. Temperatures above 28 degrees, below 13 degrees will cause the flowers to fall. Pay special attention to avoiding high temperatures at night.
7. In the wintering cultivation, the price before the New Year's Day and before the Spring Festival is the highest. Therefore, we should concentrate on harvesting at these two times, but we should also pay attention to timely harvesting, avoid harvesting too late, aging the pods, and reducing the quality of the products. .
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