Potatoes have potassium-sparing properties, and the demand for potassium is large. In cultivation, the application of potassium fertilizer should be emphasized. For every 1000 kg of potato tubers produced, 5 kg of pure nitrogen, 2 kg of diphosphorus pentachloride and 10.6 kg of potassium chloride are absorbed from the soil, and the absorption ratio of NPK is 1:0.4:2.1.
When the potato is added with potassium fertilizer during growth, it can increase the swell pressure of the crop cells, make the cells rich in elasticity, and can regulate the opening or closing of the leaf cells, which is beneficial for the crop to absorb more carbon dioxide to make carbohydrates and form starch and sugar. Class II; can promote root development, absorb more water, ease water evaporation, improve crop drought resistance; three can promote the development of stem cellulose, improve the support capacity of stems, enhance the ability of crops to resist lodging and resistance to diseases and insects It is beneficial to transport organic nutrients (starch) in crops to storage organs (underground rhizomes, fruits), accelerate the expansion of roots and pods, thereby increasing yield and improving quality.
The application of potassium fertilizer in potato production generally adopts two methods: base fertilizer and topdressing. The distribution of NPK fertilizer, 50% nitrogen fertilizer, all phosphate fertilizer and most potassium fertilizer. The fertilizer type of the base fertilizer can be selected as a general-purpose compound fertilizer, and a single fertilizer can also be used. Urea, ammonium nitrate and potassium sulfate can be used for 50% nitrogen and a small portion of potassium used in top dressing.
At the time of application, the period in which potassium is most needed should be seized. The first is the seedling stage. Each acre can be applied with 3 to 5 kg of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate or grass ash (containing 7.5% of effective potassium) 25 to 30 kg as the base fertilizer, evenly spread during the preparation of the soil, soil and fertilizer mixed. Potassium fertilizer can also be applied as a seedling fertilizer. It should be applied with 2 to 3 kg of potassium fertilizer per acre or a hole. The depth requirement is about 10 to 15 cm. After fertilization, the soil is filled with water. The second is in the tuber formation period. The same amount of potassium fertilizer can be used per acre, and the application of crack fertilizer and potato fertilizer after the expansion of the potato tubers or the lower pods of the pods can effectively accelerate the organic nutrients of the stems and leaves to the potato tubers. In the late stage of potato growth, 1% potassium sulphate or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 5% ash wood ash water (after immersing for 24 hours, take the clarified liquid or filtrate), spray 1 or 2 times outside the root (interval 7) ~10 days), can reduce leaf temperature, is beneficial to drought, and eliminate pests and diseases (in combination with prevention and control of pests and diseases), the effect is very significant.
It should be noted that the time for top dressing should not be too early, and it is generally carried out after the expansion of the potato tubers. Premature topdressing, especially after a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer, will cause the aboveground part to prosper and the lower part to form small potato pieces. Potassium chloride and potassium sulfate are physiologically acidic fertilizers. Long-term application should prevent soil acidification, and can be applied with appropriate amount of lime. Potassium chloride should not be applied to salinized soil.
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