With the goal of planting green organic soybeans to increase yield, balance production, improve quality and increase efficiency, Jianshan Farm has achieved high production, high efficiency and safety by adjusting the planting structure, integrating and transforming various agricultural technical measures.
Technical points
Fine cultivation of autumn land preparation, reaching deep, flat, transparent, Qi, broken; autumn ridge.
Precision seeding is sown with a GPS satellite positioning automatic navigation driving system locomotive and an imported precision seeder.
Precision fertilization application of formula fertilizer, according to the law of soybean fertilizer, using base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, foliar fertilizer quantitative, timing, positioning stereo application.
Accurate prevention and control promote the professionalization of the unified defense, adhere to the post-emergence closed weeding after sowing, according to the occurrence of pests and diseases, using imported sprinklers for integrated pest control.
Technical measures
Must be autumn land preparation, deep turn 30 ~ 35 cm or deep pine 40 cm, in order to destroy the winter environment of the pathogens, at the same time, so that the soil of the plough layer is loose and fine, and the real thing is false.
Variety selection and density determination The main cultivars are Qijiandou 27, Qijiandou 28, Heihe 43 and so on. And the harvested water is between 14% and 16%. When the water content is less than 14%, the surface will be invisible, and the surface will be infected, resulting in no emergence or emergence. High water content and 16% mature, not easy to keep in winter, germination rate is not high, seedling rate is low after seeding, especially in low temperature, low humidity, the seedling rate is lower, only 30%
Before sowing, the germination rate should be better than 98%. The seed dressing agent should be mixed with 0.5% amino oligosaccharide to supplement the nutrient deficiency and detoxification and insecticide caused by many years of heavy mites, and induce disease resistance. The seed should be selected 3 to 4 days earlier than the normal growth period, and the accumulated temperature is about 60 °C.
Seeding with precision seeding machine, the density of three rows of large ridges is 380,000 per hectare to ensure the uniform density; the conventional small ridge density is 350,000 per hectare, and the land with good soil fertility can reduce the density appropriately.
The sowing method has been carried out in three rows of ridges on the ridges. The ridges of the ridges and ridges have been double-rowed. In the autumn of last year, there was no corn mash in the soil preparation.
The sowing date determines that the continuous crop soybeans are lack of nutrition, and there are more unfavorable toxins and pathogens. It is not easy to plant early, and soaking too early to cause cold damage. After the soybeans are unearthed, the main roots are susceptible to infection, and the true leaf stage or 12-15 cm is onset. When the seedling height is 20 to 25 cm, the leaves turn yellow and stop growing. On the contrary, if the species that are earlier than the normal growth period are selected for timely sowing, and the seeds are quickly germinated and unearthed, the soybean growth environment can be changed early and the yield can be stabilized.
The sowing method is best sown by means of flat soaking and letting cold to facilitate water retention, increase ground temperature and promote germination. It is also conducive to cultivating soil, increasing the secondary root area of ​​soybeans, ensuring the growth of nutrients in the late stage of soybean growth and ensuring stable yield.
On the basis of ensuring that the seeds are sowed on the wet soil layer, the pressure is 4 to 5 cm, and the sowing depth is appropriately adjusted according to the natural conditions at that time. The depth of sowing is controlled to prevent the shallowness, prevent the "dry shoots" caused by the late drought, and prevent the seedlings from being "deep and deep", which makes the seed emergence difficult and the seedling rate decreases.
After the sowing, the suppression of soybeans after sowing has the opportunity to suppress the cracking, the sowing depth is shallow, the soil moisture is badly suppressed in time, the soil moisture is heavy and sticky, and the seeding is ultra-deep or light pressure.
The ploughing and cultivating land has reached the seeding condition and is planted with a precision seeder.
In principle, sowing and fertilization are completed once, ensuring the depth of seeds and fertilizers and avoiding the same layer of fertilizer.
According to the actual situation of the land number, the original ridge card species will be cleaned up in time, and the original cultivator will be used for the original ridge card.
Other places, such as Lishui No. and Yuandi, adopt appropriate land preparation methods according to the actual situation of the site. Regardless of the land preparation method, the wet land preparation, wet sowing and wet suppression are resolutely eliminated.
After the cultivating management, the ridges are deep and loose, and the ploughing is more than three times during the growing period. The first ridge ditch must ensure that the depth of the deep pine can not be shallower than 30 cm, increase the soil permeability and prevent the occurrence of disasters during the rainy season. After the sowing, the seedlings (release line) are first smashed into flat ridges, and the grass is removed once. One piece of compound leaves is squatted twice into an open ridge, and the grass is sterilized twice, and the grass is manually shoveled 5 days later. Two pieces of compound leaves are squatted three times to cover the ridges, and the grass is removed four times. After that, bio-organic foliar fertilizer is sprayed every 8 to 10 days to increase the fertilizer and prevent pests and diseases, and the grass is pulled twice in the appropriate period.
The mechanized segmentation harvest is harvested, the post-ripening is improved, and the grain dehydration is facilitated to improve the quality.
After clearing and packaging, the 5.5 mm long hole sieve is used for cleaning, and each package is packaged in 50 kg per bag and 358 g per bag, which is convenient for factory processing and sales.
Seed coating agent and fertilizer processing biological seed coating agent process: biological bacteria - nutrition carrier - material synthesis.
Soybean bio-organic compound fertilizer process: biological bacteria - nutrient carrier - material synthesis - organic soybean fermented material - synthetic fertilizer.
Fertilization method
According to the design fertilization amount, it should be applied once in spring to prevent the same layer of fertilizer. The amount of fertilization per mu should not be lower than 16 kg per mu, and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus should be 1:1 to 1.3. Potassium fertilizer should be determined according to the unit number of the unit.
The soil fertility base is poor, the soil fertility is thin, the drought-tolerant Shagang land plots, the soybean varieties with strong tolerance to tolerance, poor tolerance and drought resistance; the soil fertility base is good, the sunny and high temperature plots are arranged, and the maturity is relatively late. Variety.
Reasonable fertilization is aimed at continuous cropping of soybeans, nutrient partial consumption, rapid nutrient and trace element reduction, and 800 kg per hectare (farm fertilizer, cake fertilizer, and biological fertilizer). If there is no farmyard manure, bio-humic acid fertilizer (such as phosphorus activator and enzyme bacteria) can be mixed with Bt wettable powder insecticide as seed fertilizer. In fertilization, organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer are combined, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are combined to meet the needs of nutrients in different growth stages. At present, we must pay attention to the use of molybdenum, zinc and boron fertilizers. We should pay attention to the use of molybdenum and boron fertilizers, and pay attention to the use of zinc fertilizers in low-lying areas.
Scientific fertilization is a comprehensive technology, and the exertion of fertilizers is affected by many factors. To be scientific and reasonable, it is necessary to carry out soil tests and formulate fertilizers. It is necessary to pay attention to topdressing. It is difficult to make the roots and topdressing. It is generally root-dressing (foliar top dressing), plant regulation, and promote rooting 30%. The initial flowering to the drumming stage can be combined with pest prevention and pest control. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium liquid fertilizer, it is best to add selenium fertilizer. Selenium is not only a plant regulating element, but also an essential element of the human body, organic NPK and 0.5% amino oligosaccharide (induction, disease resistance, sterilization). It is also possible to use the enzyme bacteria plus 0.5% amino oligosaccharide to spray on the foliar stage of the initial flowering, which can promote early maturity for 3 to 5 days, and increase yield by 4% to 10%. Note that excessive nitrogen is easy to prematurely decay.
Foliar topdressing first time when a piece of soybean leaves a compound, spraying 5 to 5 kg of urea per glutinous rice and 1.5 to 2 kg of rice vinegar, especially the land where the stems and leaves are weeded; the second time is in the period of 3 to 5 leaves, according to The seedlings grow, choose the appropriate foliar fertilizer, promote the seedling to promote the long, and cultivate the strong seedling; the third time in the initial flowering period, spray 1 to 1.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per kg + 5 kg of urea + 2 kg of rice vinegar; During the four-day pod-forming period, 1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.4 kg of Fuwan potassium and 3 kg of urea were sprayed per pot.
Chemical weeding is comprehensively carried out before weeding to close the weeding before seedling, and weeding of stems and leaves at the seedling stage is an emergency measure. Before sowing, 90% Helans 1.8 kg + 75% thifensulfuron per hectare is used. The seedling stage stem and leaf weeding selects the herbicide formula according to the crops and weed species, and controls the broadleaf weeds per hectare. 25% sulfamethoxazole aqueous solution 1 ~ 1.2 kg + 48% bentazon 2 kg. Control grass weeds with 0.4 to 0.6 kg of chlorfenone per hectare. The application of thifensulfuron-methyl, which is mainly based on the coiled stalk, can be applied with the appropriate amount of urea in combination with stem and leaf weeding.
Pest Control
Soybean root rot, bean cyst nematode, soybean brown streak, soybean downy mildew, soybean bacterial spot disease, soybean dodder, soybean sclerotinia, etc., which are more harmful to disease types, gray spot disease, gray Star disease, brown spot disease, ring disease and bacterial leaf burn disease are relatively less harmful than the former, and it is difficult to form scale.
Insect species The latent root flies are the most common pests. The underground pests such as white-faced tigers are also harmful to soybeans. Soybeans such as soybeans, thrips and other pests do not occur every year. They are a potentially threatening pest. Soybean two leaf beetles are common, and their adult insects cause great damage to soybean seedlings. The larvae are one of the perpetrators of soybean nodules; in addition, soybeans are heartworms.
The agricultural control measures are rotated and replaced. Through three years of agricultural farming, the diseases of soybeans and diseases overwintering by diseased bodies can be alleviated, and various spot diseases are mainly used, and the pests that use the soil for wintering are harmed. It is strictly forbidden to repeat and greet. For farmland where pests and diseases have occurred, especially if there is soybean cyst nematode disease, it is necessary to carry out at least 5 rounds of cultivation. For the plots where the heartworms are heavy, the farming will be far away in the coming year.
After each harvest of soybeans, it is necessary to carefully check and timely treat the diseased plants, and turn the ground early to bury the diseased plants deep underground. This will speed up the demise of the bacteria. For the wintering larvae, it is necessary to turn over the ground and turn the soil inside. To the surface, through the mechanical damage, the surface winds and sun drying eliminate pests, reduce the probability of occurrence of pests and diseases, and inhibit the occurrence of large-scale pests and diseases.
It is prudent to choose seeds, and it is recommended to choose resistant varieties. In recent years, the soybeans have been selected for the gray spot resistance variety. The results show that the soybean yield has been significantly improved and the damage has been reduced. In terms of seed retention, it is necessary to pay attention to the selection of seeds of disease-free or disease-free plants. When transplanting in other places, it is necessary to investigate the pests and diseases of the area over the years, and the seeds of serious areas of cyst nematode should not be selected. Attention will cause great harm to the farm.
Chemical control measures Use chemicals to treat seeds, seed dressing with pesticides, delay the infestation of diseases and insects, protect the roots and protect seedlings. The farm can be mixed with different chemicals according to its actual situation to achieve economic, safe and effective purposes.
Chemical weeding, many weeds are the host of pests, they also carry diseases, and will be transmitted to soybeans. The weeds will lead to poor permeability in the field, breeding soybean diseases, and weeding with chemicals, which will help reduce disease and disease. Conducive to the growth of soybeans.
In the early stage of soybean growth, chemicals should be used for seedling protection: if you think you want to pests such as two leaf beetles and round worms, you should choose a chemical agent for spraying treatment. It is recommended to use pyrethroids, dose reference instructions; A kind of harmful pests should use the method of trapping, choose the correct chemical agent, mix the medicine with the food that the tiger likes, sprinkle it in the field, and lure the tiger.
In the middle stage of soybean growth, it focuses on protecting leaves and bean flowers, so that it can grow up healthily: all kinds of harmful insect moths can be removed by spraying with common chemicals. The more common ones are trichlorfon and dichlorvos. The dose can be combined with the farm. The condition is selected for use; gray spot disease and brown spot disease can be sprayed with an appropriate dose of carbendazim. If all kinds of weeds appear, select the corresponding herbicide for removal.
In the later stage of growth, it is necessary to protect the leaves, but also to protect the pods and grains. At this time, chemical agents are applied, and the insects are sick, which can effectively ensure the yield. Soybean food is extremely harmful, and it is also difficult to remove. After becoming an adult, life is extremely tenacious and difficult to kill. When the heartworm or larva is relatively fragile, it should be sprayed with a proper amount of enemy killing. Control effect.
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