Hemodialysis treatment in clinically acute and chronic renal failure (end-stage) relies mainly on hemodialysis machines.
Many components of the hemodialysis machine are prone to aging failure due to the humid, high temperature, acid and alkali environment of the working operation. Understanding these common faults and providing timely and effective repairs is of great significance to the maintenance of the machine and the smooth and orderly treatment of the patient.
In the end stage of uremia, that is, renal failure, the kidneys cannot form urine, nor can the metabolic waste generated in the metabolic process and excessive water and electrolytes be excreted in the urine, and the kidney function is basically or completely lost.
A large amount of metabolic waste and excessive water retention in the body cause serious damage to the internal metabolic process of the body, which threatens the life and health of the body. At present, the main treatment for end-stage renal failure is hemodialysis through a hemodialysis machine, which removes various harmful metabolic wastes and excessive water and electrolytes from the body to maintain a stable and balanced internal environment.
With the rapid development of science and technology, the level of Medical Equipment has also been rapidly improved. As the main extracorporeal circulation equipment for the treatment of acute and chronic renal failure, hemodialysis machine has become more and more advanced in design and function. The more complete, the better the clinical results obtained, giving patients a higher quality of life and a longer life cycle.
At present, the design and research and development of hemodialysis machines are more and more mature, but due to various objective reasons, including: the working environment is characterized by strong acid and alkali, and the cleaning and disinfection methods are chemical disinfection, cold cleaning and heat disinfection. Depending on the characteristics of the disease, it takes a long time to continue to operate, which causes the equipment components to be easily worn out and malfunction. Therefore, in order to effectively ensure the normal operation of the machine, and to enable patients to obtain continuous and stable treatment, it is very necessary to be familiar with the common faults of the hemodialysis machine and to be able to timely repair and maintain.
Hemodialysis machine structure and working principle
The hemodialysis machine mainly consists of two parts: a blood monitoring alarm system and a dialysate supply system. The blood monitoring alarm system (ie, the blood circuit part) includes a heparin pump, a blood pump, an air monitoring dynamic and venous pressure monitoring, etc.; the dialysate supply system (ie, the waterway part) includes a temperature control system, a dosing system, a conductivity monitoring system, and a degassing System, blood leak monitoring and ultrafiltration monitoring.
The working principle of the hemodialysis machine: the patient's blood is pumped out through the blood pump, and the blood is subjected to anticoagulation treatment by injecting an appropriate amount of heparin through the heparin pump, and the dialysate supply system degassing and heating the dialysis concentrate and the dialysis water according to a certain degree. The mixture is mixed into dialysate, and then the blood and dialysate act on the hemodialyzer. The blood completes the process of solute dispersion, permeation and ultrafiltration, and then returns to the patient through the air detector, and the dialysis liquid after the action is leaked by the blood. The detector is discharged as waste. This process is continually reciprocating, excreting metabolic waste generated in the metabolic process of the body and excess water and electrolytes, thereby achieving the purpose of treatment.
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