Corn is a high-yield crop that is warm, hi-light, and C4. It has tall plants, developed roots, luxuriant stems and leaves, high yield, large amount of fertilizer, and sensitive to fertilizer reactions. When determining the amount of corn fertilizer, it should be considered comprehensively. Let's talk to you about the high-yield planting points of corn.
1. Prevention and treatment of corn rough disease
Corn rough disease is also called corn streak dwarf disease, which is caused by the poisoning of corn plants after the leaf sap is sucked by the gray planthopper. Symptoms of the disease are: plant twisted growth, some plants are dwarfed, internode shortened, clustered (Clivia sinensis), leaf color green, leaves thick and wide, hard and brittle, densely clustered. On the back veins, there are different waxy and white-streaked protrusions on the back veins. The hand is touched with obvious roughness, and the plant is dwarfed. Generally, it is infected in four to five leaves. Generally, it is not able to head, which causes the production of crops. It is capable of heading and fruiting, but it is stunted and has a large yield reduction. Therefore, corn rough disease is a named disease in corn production.
1.1 Specific prevention and control techniques for maize rough disease:
Maize rough disease is mainly based on prevention, and the effect of treatment of the plant once it is not obvious is not obvious.
1.1.1 Remove weeds in the field and eliminate the breeding sites of the Laodelphax striatellus.
1.1.2 Appropriate early sowing, adjust the sowing date, so that the corn seedling period avoids the gray fly locust migration;
1.1.3 Spraying control at seedling stage: 40% water sulfur phosphorus emulsifiable concentrate, 30 ml, spray can be used in the four-leaf stage of corn, and 600 times liquid or toxic 6000 times liquid can be used, and plant growth regulator such as spray Shibao can be added. Mixed spray can effectively prevent the damage of the gray planthopper.
1.1.4 Before seeding, the seeds can be mixed with 0.2%-0.3% of the available seeds, phorate or 75% of the "3911" emulsifiable concentrate. The dosage is 0.3% of the seed.
2. Main points of prevention and control of corn silk smut
2.1 The law of onset
The teliospores of the bacteria are scattered in the soil, mixed into the manure or wet on the surface of the seeds. The teliospores can survive in the soil for about three years. When the corn is germinated and germinated, the teliospores simultaneously invade the corn. From seed germination to 5 leaf stage, it can be infested. After the pathogen invades, it spreads in the meristem of the base of the growth cone. When the flower buds differentiate, the hyphae spread up to the flower buds and form silky black spikes.
2.2 Prevention methods
Breeding and applying resistant varieties; reducing the source of initial infection. The first is to eradicate diseased seedlings and suspicious seedlings; the second is to eliminate diseased seedlings in the medium term; the third is to cut off diseased plants in the late stage, and take the diseased plants out of the field for deep burial; apply rotten manure; strengthen seedling management, promote rapid emergence, and enhance resistance. Disease; Pharmacy treatment of seeds: Treatment of seeds with Ji Nong Gaoxin Ji Nong No. 4 seed coating agent can treat both underground pests and head smut, and can also be used for seed dressing, which has good control effects.
3. Corn fertilization technology
The absorption of nutrients in different growth stages of maize varies. Nitrogen is the most abundant element of corn absorption in the whole life. Others are: potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and sulfur. On average, 2-4 kg of nitrogen, 0.7-1.5 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 1.5-4.0 kg of potassium oxide are required for every 100 kg of corn kernels produced. Due to small plants and slow growth, the amount of nutrient uptake is small, and the fertilizer requirement of corn at the seedling stage accounts for 20% of the total fertility. During the period from the booting to the heading and flowering, the growth rate of corn is rapidly increasing, and the vegetative growth and reproductive growth go hand in hand. , absorption accounts for 85% of the total growth period. After flowering pollination, the absorption decreased, and this stage accounted for 13% of the total fertilizer requirement.
Nitrogen fertilizer: Corn requires more nitrogen. The seedling stage accounted for 2.1%. Although the demand is small, it has a great effect. In this period, the nitrogen deficiency is severe, and no ear will be formed, resulting in empty rods. The phenomenon of light nitrogen deficiency occurs in the old seedlings, and the yield is significantly reduced. The earing period from jointing to tasseling flowering accounted for 51.2%. In this period, nitrogen deficiency, affecting pollen development, could not be pollinated and normal, and 100-grain weight decreased. In the later period, it accounted for 46.7%, and the lack of nitrogen severely reduced production.
When corn is grown on carbonate calcite or carbonate meadow soil, zinc sulphate should be applied when the soil available zinc is less than 0.00005-0.0001%. The fertilization of corn should be determined according to indicators such as fertilizer demand, soil nutrient supply, fertilizer utilization rate and planned yield. Generally, 30,000-30,000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure is applied per hectare, 150-200 kg of diammonium phosphate, 150-225 kg of urea, 50-75 kg of potassium sulfate, and 7.5-15 kg of zinc sulfate. Among them, 30% of urea is used as base fertilizer, and 70% is topdressed in corn 6-7 leaves.
Reasonable topdressing promotes late growth: (1) Early application of seedling fertilizer, especially in the spring maize area of ​​northern China, low temperature, less rain, slower fertilizer application, early application of seedling fertilizer; summer corn area should try to steal live broadcast, generally do not apply base fertilizer Therefore, it is necessary to apply seedlings early. (2) Suitable for applying panicle fertilizer, and the panicle fertilizer is often topdressed during the big trumpet period.
4. Corn water irrigation technology
Corn is a drought-tolerant crop with a transpiration coefficient of only 240-360. Corn can be grown where there is 250 mm of precipitation during the growing season, but the most suitable annual rainfall for corn growth is 550-650 mm, and the rainfall is evenly distributed.
The water requirement curve of maize is consistent with the curve of individual plants. The water consumption of maize seedlings is less, and the water requirement is increased during the sowing period. It is the critical period of corn moisture. At this time, in case of drought, the yield is severely reduced. More milk is needed during the milk ripening period. At this time, water shortage will reduce the grain weight, and the wax will require less water during the ripening period, and the dry weather is conducive to maturity. Corn irrigation should be 8-10 hours in corn. At this time, it is the differentiation period of the male and male ears, which is conducive to the formation of large ears and high yield.
The corn irrigation quota is:
Drought years: ground irrigation 1900~2300 cubic meters per hectare; tube irrigation 1400~1700 cubic meters per hectare; sprinkler irrigation 1000~1200 cubic meters per hectare.
General year: 1600~2100 cubic meters per hectare for ground irrigation; 1100~1500 cubic meters per hectare for tube irrigation; 800∽1000 cubic meters per hectare for sprinkler irrigation.
Wet year: 1300~1600 cubic meters per hectare for ground irrigation; 900~1100 cubic meters per hectare for tube irrigation; 650~800 cubic meters per hectare for sprinkler irrigation.
When the corn is planted, the amount of water filtered is 50-100 cubic meters per hectare. The irrigation of corn is generally once in the 7~10 leaf stage of the wet year, usually in the 7~10 leaf stage, 10 days before the tasseling, and 20 days after the flowering. In the drought years, the 5~6 leaf stage, the jointing stage, the 10 days before the tasseling, the 20 days after the flowering, and the filling stage.
The above is the key points of corn high-yield cultivation techniques. You can refer to the farmers' friends to see if they have any shortages.
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