The Huamei 368 corn variety is selected from the crop science research of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It is selected from the parent line H07-47 as the female parent and H07-122 as the male parent. This breed has high double ear rate and is suitable for wide and narrow rows and three-dimensional planting. .
The corn variety Huamei 368 generally has a yield of more than 800kg per 667m2, and the high-yield record reaches 1198.05kg. The grain of this variety has fast dehydration, large capacity, mature semi-lived stalk, high yield, high quality, disease resistance, suitable for mechanized sowing and harvesting. It is suitable for planting in late spring ripening area in spring sowing in Shanxi Province, Donghuabei spring sowing area and some summer sowing areas.
1 Breeding
Huamei 368 is based on the parent line H07-47 as the female parent and H07-122 as the male parent. In 2007, it was crossed in Hainan, and it was selected through the identification test, the comparison test, the preliminary test, the regional test and the production test. . Parent: PH4CV × self-selected line 3 → F1 × PH4CV → BC1 × PH4CV → BC2 → self-crossing 5 generations. Female parent: PH6WC × self-selected line 2000-1118 → F1 × PH6WC → BC1 × PH6WC → BC2 → self-crossing 6 generations.
2 Characteristic characteristics
The spring growth period of Shanxi is 127 days, which is equivalent to that of the control Xianyu 335. It requires an active temperature of ≥10°C of about 2700~2800°C. The first leaf sheath of the seedling is purple, the tip is round to the spoon shape, and the leaf margin is green. The plant shape is compact, the total number of leaves is 19, the plant height is 305cm, the ear position is 110cm, the main axis of the tassel and the branching angle are small, the side branch posture is moderately bent, the first branch is 3~4, and the spindle length above the highest side branch 29cm, anther purple, husk green with purple, filigree light purple, ear tube type, cob red, ear length 21.0cm, ear line 16 lines, row number of grains 40, grain yellow, half dentate type, grain top Yellow, 100-grain weight 38.0g, seed yield 89.5%.
Grain nutrients: Samples were uniformly provided by the Shanxi Provincial Seed Station. The grain quality test was conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture's Grain Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Harbin). The grain contained 10.46% crude protein, 3.28% crude fat, 74.25% crude starch, and 777 g/L grain weight.
Identification of disease resistance: from 2012 to 2013, the Institute of Plant Protection of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Agricultural College of Shanxi Agricultural University, identification of resistance to artificial inoculation, resistance to corn leaf spot, medium-to-corn stalk rot, ear rot, silk Smut, corn dwarf mosaic disease and rough disease.
3 Production performance
In 2012-2013, he participated in the regional trial of late-maturing maize in the late-maturing maize area in Shanxi. In 2012, the yield per 667m2 was 940.4kg, which was 8.3% higher than that of the control Xianyu 335. The output in 2013 was 893.5kg, which was 7.3% higher than that of the control Xianyu 335. The average annual output was 916.9kg, which was 7.8% higher than the control. At 18 o'clock, all the yields were increased. In the production test in 2013, the average output per 667m2 was 843.8kg, which was 7.1% higher than the local control, and 8 points test, all increased production.
In 2015, the Crop Science Research Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, in the comprehensive agricultural development of high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency science and technology support action plan project in Shanxi Province, "Cangzhou water and corn new varieties and supporting technology demonstration and promotion", the gorgeous 368 showed extraordinary Increase production potential.
On September 28-29, 2015, the project team invited experts from Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ganfu District Agriculture Committee, Zhangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau and Zhangzhou Seed Management Station to work in Qincheng Town, Boming Town, Gaocheng Township, and newly built in Yufu District. The roads and other four township offices of the Huamei 368 high-yield model field 7hm2, the demonstration field 135.5hm2 and the radiation promotion field 68.3hm2 were sampled and produced as follows: (1) The average yield per 667m2 of the high-yield model field was 1189.05kg, which was higher than the control. 19.3%; (2) Demonstration field: The average yield is 912.6kg, which is 16.0% higher than that of the control production field; (3) The radiation promotion field: the average yield is 842.8kg, which is 7.1% higher than the control production field.
4 High-yield cultivation techniques
4.1 planting methods
4.1.1 Wide and narrow row planting
The 368 female ears are thick and long, and the spike rate is high under the condition of large row spacing. Moreover, the upper part of the ear does not decrease production due to the growth and development of the second ear. Under the wide and narrow row planting, when the number of spikes per 667 m2 is controlled at 3500-3800, the grain yield of the second ear can reach 30% of the upper ear yield. 50%. In the land with good soil and water, it is planted in wide and narrow rows. The yield per corn can reach 1200kg per 667m2.
In 2015, wide and narrow row and equal row planting experiments were carried out in Qinchi Village, Qincheng District, Qifu District, Shanxi Province. The results were significant. Test treatment and design: The experiment was carried out with three rows of planting patterns: CK, wide and narrow row planting and wide row planting. The planting density was 4000 plants/667m2, 3800 plants/667m2 and 3500 plants/667m2. The row spacing is 50cm; the wide and narrow rows are 80cm wide and the narrow rows are 40cm; the wide-row dense planting mode is 70cm wide. The area of ​​the community is 200m2. Test results: Under the equal row spacing planting mode, Huamei 368 has the highest yield of 4000 plants/667m2, with a yield of 1068.0kg per 667m2; in the 80cm×40cm wide and narrow planting mode, the highest yield is 3500 plants/667m2, and the output is 1177.1kg. In the 70cm wide row planting mode, the highest yield was 1073.5kg with 3800 plants/667m2. In general, the yield is the highest in the planting mode with a density of 3,500 × 667 m2 in a width of 80 cm × 40 cm.
4.1.2 Three-dimensional planting
The gorgeous 368 double ear rate is high, the leaf distance is large, the blade is upright, and the light transmission is good. It is very suitable for intercropping with economic crops and engaged in three-dimensional planting mode. The common planting patterns are: (1) corn-soybean mode: 100cm between corn and corn, 4 rows of soybeans between 2 rows of corn, 20cm of soybean spacing, 20~22cm of corn plant spacing, and 3000~3300 plants/667m2 of corn density. Corn yield can be comparable to normal field production; (2) corn fennel white pattern: 135cm between corn and corn, 3 rows of fennel white between 2 rows of corn, 33~35cm of white ovum, and 18~ corn plant spacing 20cm, corn density is 2500~2700 plants/667m2; corn yield can reach 2/3 of normal field; (3) corn peanut pattern: row spacing between corn and corn is 200cm, 6 rows of corn between rows of peanuts, peanut row spacing 30cm, the corn plant spacing is 15cm, and the corn density is 2220 plants/667m2. Corn production can reach more than 50% of field production.
4.2 Mechanical sowing and harvesting
Mechanized single seeding and mechanized harvesting of ear is the current direction and requirements for corn production development. Because of the selection of American germplasm, Huamei 368 has good seed color, uniform size, low water content, full granules, strong germination intensity, and uniform emergence after sowing. It is very suitable for mechanized single seeding. Mechanical sowing can reduce the cost of seedlings and seedlings, and also reduce the time of seedlings, and the growth of corn is uniform. At the same time, because the variety is live stalk mature, the leaves are thin and the leaves are cracked and dried at maturity, the grains are dehydrated quickly, the ears are high and uniform, resistant to disease and lodging, suitable for mechanized harvesting. Planting Huamei 368 can save labor costs, high output and high returns.
4.3 Preparation before the broadcast
[Filling the base fertilizer and pouring the bottom water] In order to achieve water storage and land use and improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, generally 15~30m3 of farmyard manure is applied per hm2 in the autumn of the previous year, combined with autumn turning and land preparation to deepen the activated soil layer and increase Soil organic matter, improving tillage structure, improving soil fertility, and reducing pests and diseases. At the same time, before planting, combined with land preparation, 450~600kg/hm2 of compound fertilizer containing 15-15-15 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as base fertilizer. If the soil bottom is poor before sowing, the bottom of the water should be poured 10 to 15 days before sowing, and the ground should be honed in time.
[Scheduled sowing] The choice of coating agent seeds is effective for the control of various pests on the ground. Sowing at the right time is not suitable for early and late sowing. The temperature of the soil has a great influence on the emergence and future growth of the corn. The temperature of the soil surface is 5~10cm and it can be sown at 12 °C. The general area is around the beginning of May. . Individual alpine areas can be planted normally in mid-May.
4.4 Strengthen management and rationally promote control
The common problem of corn in the seedling stage is that the ground temperature is low. The soil temperature is increased by cultivating the loose soil, and the effective microbial flora of the cultivated layer is activated to achieve rapid decomposition of the base fertilizer, improve the fertility of the mature soil, promote the rapid rooting of the root layer of the corn, and timely absorb the available nutrients. Achieve the effect of early growth of strong seedlings. For corn that grows too fast and has a high density in the early stage, cultivating can also break roots and control the growth of ineffective vegetative growth. The big trumpet period is the critical period of corn water and fertilizer. It should be combined with irrigation according to the growth of corn or 450~600kg of urea per hm2 before rain.
4.5 Pest Control
In the later period, the rainwater is large, and the large spot disease occurs mainly in low temperature and high humidity, which often causes the whole plant leaves to dry up. Commonly used agents are 75% chlorothalonil WP 300~500 times solution, 50% carbendazim WP 500 times solution, 80% mancozeb WP 500 times solution, continuous spraying in the early stage of the disease 2~ 3 times, each interval 7~10d. Corn smut is a soil-borne disease that often occurs in the ear, causing the ear to fail to form kernels and loss of yield. The main control method is to use seed coating agent to coat seeds; the second is effective rotation, which reduces the amount of wintering bacteria; the diseased plants should be removed in time to reduce the disease in the next year. The corn pests are mainly caused by corn borer. In the early stage, the leaves are mainly fed, and the filament stalks are drilled in the later stage. When severe, the stems are broken and the nutrient transport is cut off, causing premature aging and reducing yield. The prevention and treatment methods include: prevention and control of 1 to 3 times with 1 billion to 2 billion units of the emulsion spray in the corn seedling stage to the early stage of tasseling.
4.6 timely harvest, timely drying
Huamei 368 is a semi-live stalk mature, and the grain dehydrates quickly. When the corn enters the wax maturity stage, the stalks and leaves are still green when the leaves are dry yellow, but the grain milk line has not completely receded. It is difficult to judge the harvest. In the period, it can be harvested when the black layer of the grain milk is less than 4/5. After harvesting, the leaves should be removed in time, and the corn leaves should be air-dried. When the moisture content of the corn kernels reaches 17% or less, the mechanical particles are used to dry the seeds, and the moisture reaches 13%~14%.
The above is all the contents of today. Welcome farmers and friends to come to Huinong.com to learn more about agricultural technology.
Horse Mackerel,horse mackerel fish,dried horse mackerel,Fresh Horse Mackerel
Zhoushan Boda Aquatic Products Co.,Ltd , https://www.baida-aquatic.com