In the solar greenhouse, the tomato is planted year after year. The excessive fertilizer input leads to the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the soil, and the non-point source pollution problem. In addition, the overwintering tomato planting is due to the low temperature in winter, the root layer soil temperature is low, the tomato root growth is weak, and the nutrient availability is reduced. To this end, the technical personnel with the "fertilizer reduction, crop straw reuse" principle, with "carbon, nitrogen fixation, phosphorus control, safety" as the goal, research and formation of "nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium total control, key growth period The regulation of nitrogen and potassium precision is the core of the winter greenhouse long-term tomato crop straw bioreactor fertilization technology.
The straw bioreactor production method is as follows: the amount of air-dried corn stover is 4000-5000 kg/mu, the fermented dried chicken manure is 300-400 kg/mu, and the organic material decomposing agent is 10-12 kg/mu. According to the width of the tomato planting line, the trenches with a depth of 45-50 cm are excavated, and the soil is divided into two sides, then the whole straw is laid and solidified (Fig. 1), the thickness is 25-30 cm, and the straw is exposed at 10 cm long.茬 (Figure 2). After the straw is laid, the chicken manure and the fungicide are evenly sprinkled on the straw, the soil is backfilled on the straw, and the straw is watered and wetted, and the oxygen is perforated in the direction of the reactor within 3 to 4 days.
After constructing the built-in crop straw bioreactor, the supporting fertilization technology was formulated according to the tomato nutrient demand law and the root layer nutrient status. Under the condition of medium soil fertility, on the basis of the crop straw reactor, the high-phosphorus soluble phosphate fertilizer is dripped 1~2 kg/mu at the time of planting and about 30 days after planting; from the first spike of tomato to the size of table tennis, the topdressing is started. During the expansion of the first to third ear fruits, the topdressing is 5-6 times, each time the high-nitrogen formula water-soluble fertilizer is 8-10 kg/mu; the fourth to sixth ear fruit is inflated 5-6 times during the fruit expansion period, each chasing high Potassium formula water soluble fertilizer 6 ~ 8 kg / mu. The time of drip irrigation and fertilization is determined according to the growth of tomato, soil water content and weather conditions. The irrigation amount is 15-20 m3/mu when planting, and the irrigation amount is 8-12 m3/mu for each fertilizer.
The technology uses corn stalks to supplement carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. After harvesting, the soil nutrients in the root layer are maintained at moderate fertility level, which effectively alleviates the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus. During the winter, the soil temperature of the root layer increases, and the nitrate content of tomato fruit is low, which ensures the tomato. Clean production, and effectively prevent non-point source pollution in vegetable fields.
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