As the name suggests, upland rice is a drought-tolerant rice suitable for dry farming in southern Heilongjiang, southern Inner Mongolia, Jilin Province, central and northern Liaoning, and central Ningxia. Upland rice is more drought-tolerant and tolerant than rice, and has water-saving characteristics with less input and more output. Let's take a look at the current status and problems of dry rice production.
I. Overview of the world's dry rice production
At present, the area of ​​upland rice planted in the world is 0.18 billion hectares. In West Africa, upland rice accounts for more than 75% of the rice area, and in the Americas, upland rice accounts for 65% to 75% of the rice area. At present, the main producing countries of dry rice are: India's 0.1 billion hectares, accounting for 1/6 of the rice area; Brazil's 5.59 million hectares, accounting for 85% of the rice area; Bangladesh's 4.667 million hectares, accounting for 40% of the rice area; Indonesia's 1,067,000 hectares, accounting for rice 10% of the area; 504,000 hectares in Vietnam; 200,000 hectares in China.
Second, the status quo of China's dry rice production
China has a long history of cultivation of upland rice and abundant dry rice resources. The number of upland rice varieties that have been compiled into the China Rice Germplasm Inventory is 3,103. Before the 1950s, dry rice was widely distributed as a small grain crop in China. According to statistics, in 1955, China's upland rice planting area reached 333,000 hectares. Since the late 1950s, with the improvement of water conservancy conditions, the yield of rice, wheat and summer maize has increased, and the upland rice has been gradually replaced by rice. The development of upland rice showed a slowing trend. The main reason was that the upland production potential of upland rice varieties was insufficient, the relative benefits were poor, the cultivation techniques were relatively lagging, and the degree of mechanization was low. The root cause of these phenomena is that the quality of upland rice seeds cannot be guaranteed and the planting techniques are not matched.
In recent years, China's water shortage problem has become increasingly serious. With the new round of adjustment of the national planting structure and the need for adjustment of the agricultural ecological structure in the western development, there is a strong demand for the development of dry farming and other water-saving agriculture, prompting people to re-explore. Planting upland rice to solve the problem of rice supply and water-saving agriculture. In particular, the successful introduction and trial planting of Brazilian land rice in China has caused the relevant departments and experts to attach great importance to the upland rice. Aiming at the characteristics of widespread drought, abundant hills, serious desertification and serious shortage of water resources in western China, the application of upland rice is of great significance for saving water resources, increasing food production, reducing energy consumption and protecting the ecological environment.
Third, the production advantage of upland rice
Upland rice has the characteristics of drought tolerance, sorghum resistance, disease resistance, high quality and strong adaptability. It is directly planted in dry land, and there are more effective stems of 667 square meters. As long as it has suitable conditions, it can have the same yield increasing potential as rice. Compared with rice, planting upland rice has the following advantages: First, water conversion to land preparation for dry land preparation or no-tillage, saving a large amount of land preparation water, reducing agricultural production costs; second, broadening the range of rice planting, In dry land, the amount of irrigation is greatly reduced, and rice can be planted on dry land with irrigation conditions, so that the rice production area is greatly increased. Third, the management of the water layer is managed by waterless layer, and irrigation mainly meets the physiological needs of rice plants. Water-based, the water utilization rate is significantly improved, and because the dry rice is managed by the water-free layer, the ploughed soil is in an oxidized state, which fundamentally relieves the anaerobic conditions caused by long-term flooding in the paddy fields and avoids the generation of toxic gases. For example, methane and other damage to the atmosphere; Fourth, because dry rice cultivation does not need to maintain the water layer, only wet management is carried out, the groundwater level will not be raised, leakage will be less, there is no threat of secondary salinization, and the cultivation layer is also reduced. Soil leakage reduces the pollution of groundwater and rivers and lakes caused by chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the paddy fields.
Analysis of economic benefits of upland rice planting
After China joined the "WTO", rice is the only product in China's grain that benefited from the process of trade liberalization. In 1998, China's rice exports reached 3.75 million tons, accounting for 19% of the world's total rice exports. With the integration of the world economy, With the development of liberalization, more and more families will eat rice, so the supply of rice in the world will increase significantly and the price will be stable.
V. Problems in developing dry rice production
1. Aging of upland rice varieties
The key to the development of upland rice is the variety. Compared with other crops, the area of ​​paddy rice is still small, and the investment in the breeding of upland rice varieties is not enough, and the variety is updated slowly.
2. Does not have a certain regionality
Upland rice varieties have certain adaptation areas. In the process of growth and development of upland rice, when the drought develops to a certain extent, it must be supplemented with appropriate amount of irrigation. Therefore, for the cultivation of upland rice, land with low or low land or certain watering conditions should be selected. In production, it is necessary to make a dry rice production plan based on the water pouring conditions and rainfall in various places. The cultivation of upland rice should be relatively concentrated, and gradually become a scale and system.
3. The comprehensive supporting technology is not perfect
Upland rice is an emerging cropping industry. The development of upland rice should firstly be based on the selection of planting varieties in the region, and strengthen the research on supporting cultivation techniques for high-quality and high-yield upland rice. The technology should be further improved to match the good varieties and achieve high yield, high quality and high efficiency. purpose. Elimination of weeds is also an important part of the development of upland rice, which affects the development of upland rice to some extent. In the cultivation and management of upland rice, we must focus on comprehensive supporting technologies such as land preparation, sowing and chemical weeding.
At present, there are still some problems in China's upland rice. The scientists of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences will continue to study and gradually reduce the problem to a minimum.
Hydraulic Power Unit,Hydraulic Pump Unit,Hydraulic Power Station,Power Unit,Hydraulic Poppet Valve,Hydraulic Pilot Valve
Changzhou Satidi Import and Export Co., Ltd. , https://www.guanjiejt.com