I. Temperature conditions
The edible cactus was originally grown in the tropics. China, Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Fujian, and southern Sichuan where the minimum temperature is not lower than 0°C can be cultivated in the open air. Other areas use greenhouses for planting. In the cold regions of Northeast China, greenhouses must also increase heating facilities. . The optimum growth temperature of the edible cactus is 20°C-35°C. The growth rate below 20°C is slow, and growth stops below 10°C. There is a possibility that the cactus is frozen to death below 0°C. When the summer temperature is above 35°C, the cactus grows slowly in a semi-dormant state, and shading nets should be used to block the strong sunlight in time to achieve the purpose of cooling.
The edible cactus can be planted all year round in southern China and the spring, summer and autumn are better in northern areas.
Second, the soil requirements
The edible cactus has strong adaptability to the soil, and the red soil and loess in the south as well as the ticket calcareous soil and chernozem in the north can grow, especially in sandy loam soil. The soil should have the following conditions:
(1) Yang leeward, drainage, good water retention;
(2) Loose soil, good air permeability;
(3) Weakly acidic or neutral;
(4) Contains a certain amount of humus and organic matter. For over-adhesive land, sandy soil or river sand may be added to the soil and evenly sprinkled on the surface at about 3-5 cm, and then mixed thoroughly. After the deep tumbling, full squeezing, smoothing, and then making a bed. The seedbed is better oriented from north to south, which is both beautiful and conducive to light transmission. Seedbed width is generally about 1.2 meters, about 0.3 meters between the bed.
Third, moisture requirements
Although cactus is a strange species in the plant kingdom, it is still a kind of plant, and its life activities are still inseparable from water. Seedlings grow in different seasons, and the requirements for water are not the same. In the spring, autumn and winter seasons, due to the low ambient temperature, the sunshine is not strong. Only proper amount of water is needed. As temperatures rise and cacti thrive, they must be fully watered. In the summer, the sun is strong and the temperature is too high. The cactus has a short sleep. At this time, watering should be controlled. In cold winter, when the cactus enters dormancy, watering can be stopped while keeping the seedbed slightly moist. Watering must be dry to see wet, that is, once drenched, do not pour for many days, if the water is too hard, excessive water, not only failed to promote growth, but also can cause rot, endangering cactus growth. During the hot summer months, watering should be done in the morning and evening.
Air humidity is closely related to the growth of edible cacti. Humidity is too low to affect growth and germination; humidity is too high and can cause rot of cactus and roots. In addition to absorbing water and nutrients through the roots, the cactus also has auxiliary functions in its stem. The relative humidity of the cactus growing environment is 60-70%.
Fourth, seedling cutting
The edible cactus is vegetatively propagated, not by seeds, and its seedlings are palms. The method is: When the sprouts grow for more than half a year, the fleshy stem (palm) is semi-lignified and cut along the base with a sharp knife. The incision is soaked with 50% carbendazim 800 times solution or 70% thiophanate-methyl 600 times solution. After disinfection in minutes, dry in a dry place for 5-7 days. After the wound has healed slightly, it can be inserted. The long axis of the palm is preferably in the north-south direction, that is, one side of the palm piece facing east and one side facing the west, so that both sides receive uniform light, which is favorable for photosynthesis and prevents sunlight damage. The depth of insertion of the palm is preferably a third of the height of the palm. Under the premise of keeping the palms upright, the ground above the ground is slightly better, and if the ground is buried too deeply, it will easily cause the underground to rot. 2500 plants per acre are suitable, spacing 80 cm, spacing 35 cm.
Fifth, fertilization requirements
Although edible cactus is resistant to thin, it is still a soft spot for loose, fertile soil. The requirements for fertilizers are: first, complete decoction; second, excessive salt; third, nitrogen fertilizer, supplemented by phosphorus and potash. Basal fertilizer can be used to compost chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure, human feces or cake fat. If inorganic fertilizer is applied, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium three-element compound fertilizers are often used, and urea and ammonium bicarbonate can also be used, with a dosage of 10 kg per mu. It can be used after being dissolved in water, but it can also be applied in the open hole. In the spring and autumn, the cactus grows vigorously. It can be applied every 15 days. In summer, the cactus is in a semi-dormant state and should be suspended. In autumn and winter, the air turns cool, the cactus grows slowly, and only a small amount of light fertilizer can be applied. In winter, attention is paid to control. Fertilization. Fertilization can be organically combined with watering, and sunny days should be selected in the morning or evening. Fertilizer for edible cactus should follow the following principles:
(1) Increase the amount of cacti growing year by year;
(2) Rational mix of organic and inorganic fertilizers;
(3) rather light, not rich, thin fertilizers and facilities;
(4) The proportion of fertilization depends on the specific conditions such as growth and land thinning, and cannot be copied mechanically.
Sixth, pest control
Edible cacti are generally not susceptible to disease, but common plant diseases and insect pests such as: spider mites, scale insects, nematodes, etc., can pose a threat to cacti. Once pests are found, they must be caught in time, or killed with 1/200 enemy, or 40% dimethoate 1000 times diluted (depending on their purity), which is good for killing these pests.
The diseases of cacti include golden spot disease, pitting disease, and red rot. These diseases are not serious in most parts of China and can be sprayed regularly with 75% chlorothalonil 1/800 (or 50% carbendazim). Or 70% Thiophanate/1 600 spray prevention. For cactus seeds that have just been planted, they must be carefully observed every day. If serious rots are found, they should be pulled out in time and the rotten parts should be cut off with a sharp blade. The incision should be made with 50% Doxanthin 800 times or 70% Thiophanate 600. The doubling solution was soaked for one minute and then placed in a dry place for 5-7 days to replant.
Regardless of pests and diseases, we should follow the principle of "preventing heavy metallurgy." Remove weeds in time, spray regularly (once every 20 days), and loosen the soil regularly. Humidity and temperature changes, sometimes too wet, sometimes too dry, the temperature is high and low, will promote the breeding of bacteria and insect pests. We must strengthen management, improve the cultivation environment, eliminate breeding conditions for pests and germs, and prevent problems before they occur. Seven, young leaves picking
The edible cactus is planted once and can be harvested continuously for 10-15 years. The safe method of picking is: After the sprout has grown for six months, picking begins when the tender piece grows again. Use a piece of fifteen to forty days of growth and cut along the base with a sharp knife. In seasons where the climate is favorable and growing, it can be picked once a week. Premature picking will affect the yield. If the taste is too late, it will not be eaten. Normally, it will be picked in the afternoon. The tender pieces can be preserved at room temperature for more than 15 days, and the refrigerator can be kept fresh for more than 40 days. The annual output of the rice planted in the rice plant is 5 tons or more, and the highest can reach 10 tons.
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