As soon as the season of ginger is planted in the year, in the face of the high pests and diseases of ginger, growers should start from planting and strengthen all aspects of cultivation and management measures to achieve safe production of ginger, high yield and quality.
First, preparation before the broadcast
1. Selection. When selecting seeds, it is necessary to strictly remove the diseased ginger pieces with black or yellow-brown circles.
2. Sun drying. Generally, in the first ten days of March, the selected ginger species will be placed in the sun for 1 to 2 days. After drying, the ginger skin will be slightly wrinkled and the frozen ginger will be removed.
3. Germination. Before germination, use bactericide such as chlorothalonil and carbendazim to sterilize and sterilize. Place the germination at 20 °C ~ 25 °C. The relative humidity is kept at 75%-80%. When the humidity is high, the cover is ventilated. ~27 days, when the bud length is 0.6 to 1.2 cm, it can be sown.
4. Soil preparation and fertilization. Deeply turn 18~24cm, apply 4000~5000kg of high-quality crude fertilizer, 30kg of compound fertilizer, 40kg of potassium sulfate, 40kg of medium and trace element fertilizer or 2kg of zinc fertilizer per acre. Create a ridge with a height of 35 to 40 cm and a width of 70 cm.
5. 掰 ginger species. Ginger seeds should be planted before the ground. Generally, only one short bud is kept on each piece of ginger, and the remaining buds are all removed. The size of the ginger is about 75 grams. After the axillary bud is completed, spray the toxic myricium manganese zinc, 50 grams per 50 kg of ginger.
Second, planting film
April 10 to 20, suitable for sowing, 400-500 kg per mu, plant spacing 20 ~ 22 cm. Ginger seeds are placed flat in the ditch during sowing to keep the direction of the shoots consistent. Watering after sowing, soil disinfection with toxic myroxin.
After sowing and disinfecting, use the two-toothed hook to smash the wet soil in the upper part of the ridge, cover the ginger seed, and then use the nail scorpion to flatten it. Generally, the soil is 4 to 5 cm thick. After covering the soil, spray “Shi Tianbu†or “Cao Cao Tong†to weed according to the instructions. Then the film is covered by a film tiling method, that is, the film is laid on the ground, two grooves are one, and so on. The second is the small arch shed cultivation method. First, the bamboo pieces of 90-100 cm long are bent into an arch and inserted into the ground, and then covered.
Third, post-production management
1. Ventilation. When the seedlings are unearthed, according to the temperature, the eye is ruptured in time.
2. Watering. After the ginger is in the seedlings, water the seedlings once, and then water them in time. Generally, they should be poured every 7 to 10 days. The soil should be kept moist during the growth period, so that the topsoil is not white.
3. Topdressing. The principle of fertilization is to apply lightly or not to apply the seedling fertilizer, re-apply the branching fertilizer, and supplement the autumn fertilizer. Generally, in mid-July, the fertilizer is chased once, and 25-30 kg of urea per acre is applied. At the beginning of August, 75 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 15 kg of compound fertilizer are applied per mu, and in late August, 50 kg of ammonium sulfate is applied per mu; In the first ten days, when the plant grows to 6 to 8 branches, it is in the period of rapid expansion of the rhizome. The nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and trace elements can be applied according to the growth of the plant, and the aboveground part is subjected to foliar topdressing every 7 to 10 days. Spray once, even spray 3 to 4 times.
4. Clay soil. When the seedling height is 10-15 cm and 2~3 tillers, the film should be uncovered and weeded in time, and the first soil should be cultivated. A small amount of soil on the ridge can be transplanted into the ditch, and the soil will be ground once every 15 days. Cultivate 3 to 4 times.
Fourth, pest control
The main disease is ginger. The control method can be carried out by rotating crops, selecting disease-resistant varieties and disease-free ginger species, pouring water, applying fertilizer, and timely treating diseased plants. The diseased plants are removed in time, lime is sprayed in the planting points, and the chemical control can be used to kill 3000 sprays.
The pests of ginger are mainly borer, thrips and root-knot nematodes. The borer is sprayed with 20% chlorantraniliprole, 5.7% of the calcium salt and other agents, and the thrips are controlled with 4% anti-converse spray. The underground pests such as root-knot nematodes can be rooted with avidin and avermectin. It is strictly forbidden to use pesticides such as terbutamol, carbofuran (furandan), phorate, and aldicarb (Shen Nongdan).
V. Harvest
Ginger should be harvested before the "cream". Keep about 2 cm of aboveground stems at harvest, remove roots, and simmer at any time.
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