1, species selection
Shed loofah should be selected from varieties that are resistant to low temperature, low light, good fertilizer, high quality, early maturity, high yield, good commercial property, and suitable for the market, such as Jiangye No.1, Jiangya Meat Loofah, and Taizhou Xianglugua.
2, nursery
Cultivating strong seedlings is an important link to improve the early output of loofah and achieve high yield and high efficiency, which mainly includes the following aspects.
Seed treatment before sowing should be sun seed, seed disinfection, soaking germination. First, the seeds were sun-dried in the sun for 24-48 h, then sterilized with 50% carbendazim WP 500 times for 40 min, rinsed again with fresh water, and put in 70-80°C hot water, stirring constantly. At room temperature, then soaked in water for 20-25 hours, the mucus on the surface of the seed was rinsed, then removed and rinsed twice with water, and placed at 28-30°C for germination. The time for soaking the seeds should not be too long or too short, and the germination time should be 70% of the seeds exposed.
Plant 3 fertile new soils, add 2 parts of fully decomposed chicken manure, sift and mix evenly into nutritious soil, and add 1 kg potassium sulfate compound fertilizer lkg, monoammonium phosphate 0.4 kg, and ene to 1 m3 of nutrient soil. Trichomonas ester wettable powder 100g, fully mixed to prevent soil-borne diseases, pests. Nutrients are packed in manholes, at a depth of 2/3 of the plug, sowing 1 seed per hole, covering 1.2cm thick nutrient soil after sowing, immersing the plug in water, and placing it in a small arch shed that has been built beforehand. During the nursery period, the small water is poured, the insects are prevented and the disease is prevented, and the position of the plug is adjusted to ensure that the seedlings are strong and the seedlings are homogeneous.
Seedling management needs to create a suitable temperature for seedling emergence from sowing to emergence, that is, daytime temperature 28-30°C, nighttime temperature 18-20°C, and promotion of seedlings unearthed. Reduce the temperature after emergence, 22-26 °C during the day, 15-16 °C at night, to prevent seedlings leggy. The soil is kept moist and the water is poured. However, the humidity is not high enough. 2 d before the planting, irrigating the water, this can ensure that the seedlings, transporting seedlings and transplanting process do not disperse the top, not to hurt the roots, which will help the rapid seedling growth and improve the survival rate.
3, colonization
10-15 days before planting, soil preparation, application of fully decomposed manure such as chicken manure, sheep manure 3000kg, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 100kg, superphosphate 100kg. After fertilization, deep tillage 2 times, double row cultivation, row spacing 70cm, row spacing 30cm, ridge height 20cm. When the seedlings were 2-3 leaves, they could be selected for sunny morning planting. The weak seedlings, diseased seedlings and dead seedlings were removed when planting, and flood irrigation was performed after planting. When the local temperature is lower than 12°C, timely cover the film.
Within 2 weeks after planting, maintaining the temperature within the shed is 30-33°C, which is conducive to easing seedlings. After the seedlings are reduced, the shelf temperature is lowered, and the daytime temperature is maintained at 25-30° C. When the temperature exceeds 32° C., the ventilation openings are opened to cool the wind and the temperature is 20-25° C. at night. From December to late February, the temperature is relatively low, and it is easy to cause cold and cold damage to loofah. For this purpose, a small shed can be added to the shed to cover the small shed with a film and a non-woven fabric, that is, a multi-layer covering, and a greenhouse. Place grasshoppers or non-woven cloth around the front vents to reduce the number of ventilation changes. When the temperature is too high, ventilation should be increased to maintain the indoor temperature of the shed does not exceed 30 °C until 5-6 months, the daytime temperature greater than 30 °C when day and night ventilation.
Fertilizer and Water Management Loofing Loofah requires less water and only pours water under very dry conditions. When you start to spread, spread water. Root melon before set fruit generally do not water, prevent seedlings leggy, this time through the plan to protect the lotus root, to promote root growth hole when the root melon sat, to strengthen fertilizer management, combined with fertilizer watering, flushing amino acid water soluble fertilizer 5kg/mu. During the fruiting period, especially after flowering, the loofah needs a large amount of organic nutrients for growth. The amount of fertilizer required is large, and fertilizer should be applied in a timely manner. Fertilizer should be applied once every 10 days or so, and potassium humate 20 kg and urea should be alternately applied every time. 20kg or ternary compound fertilizer 15kg.
The main vine pods were used to adjust the plants, but there were many side vines. In order to reduce the nutrient consumption and promote the growth of the main vines, the side vines should be removed in time.
And hang vines as soon as possible. Using the main vine toss the heart to produce the melon, pick the heart when the main vine leaves 2l, and choose to keep 3-4 female flowers. After the melons grow, remove two young cucumis, which are relatively poor quality, and spread the vines. When the vine leaf grows again to 21 leaves, it is replaced with a new one, and the second time the heart is taken to the side branch. After this, the heart is picked up and the new vine is changed. The loofah grows during the prosperous period, the plants are ridged, and the field is closed. The side vines, tendrils, male flowers, old leaves and diseased leaves are removed in time. The position of the main vine is adjusted according to the "S" shape, which facilitates ventilation and light transmission, concentrates nutrients, and increases yield.
Artificial pollination pollen own structure, high temperature, ground temperature, diseases and insect pests, improper management of fertilizer and water and other reasons, can cause poor pollination and fertilization, resulting in falling flowers, reduce the fruit setting rate, therefore, artificial pollination to increase the number of flowers is necessary. Pollination is generally conducted at 7:00-9:00 and the penicillum collected by the brush is applied to the stigma of the female flower. At the same time, 2,4-D was used to increase the fruit setting rate. After flowering, the 2,4-D point at a concentration of 20-30 mg/L was at the top of the fruit, and when the temperature was high, a low concentration of 2,4-D was used. When the temperature is low, it is the opposite.
4. Pest control
The prevention and control of loofah pests and diseases should follow the principle of "prevention first, prevention and control combined," and early prevention should be done. Loofah diseases mainly include downy mildew, brown spot, viral disease, anthrax, and bacterial blight. Pests mainly include aphids, whitefly, and yellow paws. In the early stage of the onset of downy mildew, spray 64% antimony KF cream, MnZn) WP 500 times or 72% Mancozeb WP 600 times, or 45% chlorothalonil per 667 m2 200g fume smoke, smoked once every 7~10d, continuous or alternating 2-3 times. In the early stage of brown spot disease, 60% of the 100% of the chlorothalonil wettable powder or 500% of the 64% of the WP can be sprayed, or 45% of the chlorothalonil smoke can be sprayed with 200 g per 667 m2. Smoke 10 times for 10 days and apply 2-3 times continuously or alternately. Virus disease can be sprayed with 1.5% of Phytopathogenic Emulsion 1000 times or 0.5% of Mushroom proteoglycan in 250-300 times of spray at the initial stage of infection, spraying once every 7 days, and spraying 2-3 times. Aphid and whitefly, can be sprayed with 1.8% avermectin EC 200 times and 10% VPWP 1500 times, or 1% per 667m2 with 10% sheds (Isopropylidium) Smoke Agent 200g Smoke prevention and control.
5 timely harvest
When harvesting, observe the loofah's tenderness, harvesting too early, and affecting the yield of the loofah. If the harvest is too late, the loofah will become old, the melon will become hard, the fibrosis of the melon will affect the quality, and the growth of the young melons will be inhibited. Finally, it caused a reduction in production. Generally about 9 days after pollination, the loofah grows about 50 cm long. When harvesting, cut the fruit handle with scissors, place neatly in the carton or plastic basket, and arrange the packaging for listing.
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