Black fungus is a valuable native product and traditional export product of China. Due to its low production cost and quick effect, it is very popular among farmers. Taking bag cultivation as an example, the cost per bag is generally 0.25-0.65 yuan, and 50 grams of dry ears can be produced. Calculated at 50 yuan per kilogram, each bag can get 2 yuan net profit, and the income per mu can reach 24,000 yuan. Two crops were planted, which resulted in a profit of 48,000 yuan. First, the growth and development of black fungus environmental conditions 1. Temperature Auricularia is a medium-temperature type, fungus and ear fungus temperature is about 20 ~ 25 °C more appropriate. 2. Humidity culture mycelium, the ambient humidity can be 50% to 60% can be, when the ear requires the environmental humidity of more than 80%, the humidity of the culture material should be too large, so that when the late ear water is sufficient, generally should reach 65% Left and right, can be roughly determined by the feel, hand clenched culture material, when the water droplets appear between the fingers without dripping. 3. Air auricularia is a good gas type, and it requires sufficient oxygen for mycelial growth and fruit body development. When the concentration of carbon dioxide is large, hyphae do not occur easily. 4. Dim light is required for light germination, and scattered light is needed when the ear is out (it can reach the degree of reading). When the mycelium is well-produced, it needs strong light stimulation to guide the ear. 5. The suitable pH value of the pH value of the auricular mycelia grows from 6 to 6.5. In general, the pH value of the fungus should be about 9.0. After sterilization, the pH value naturally drops to 6 to 6.5. Second, the selection of cultivation materials is selected from the new summer straw-free, broad-leaved sawdust (not using pine sawdust, preferably old sawn timber, not sawn with chainsaws), corn shafts and cotton. The shell must be a new material without mold. Auxiliary raw materials include wheat bran, rice bran, stone powder, quicklime and so on. Third, several commonly used formulas 1. 78% of wood chips, 20% of rice bran, 1% of sucrose, 1% of gypsum powder, and the ratio of material to water are 1:1.2 to 1.3. 2. 78% of broad-leaved wood chips, 15% of wheat bran, 2% of soybean powder, 0.3% of quicklime, and 0.2% of gypsum powder, and 20% to 30% of cottonseed hulls can be added to the condition. 3. Wood chips 56.5%, corn shaft (powder) 30%, bran 16%, bean cake powder 2%, quick lime 0.5%, gypsum powder 0.5%. Fourth, there are four requirements for seasoning and bagging and condimenting. One is to be uniform, the other is to control the moisture content, the third is to have a proper pH, and the fourth is to eliminate pollution. When the materials are mixed, they should be mixed first and then wetted. Be sure to mix well, otherwise sterilization will not be easy to infect the bacteria. Stir the mixture after 2 to 3 hours to make the water even. Before bagging, mix it again to make the pH reach 9.0 or so. The plastic bag planted with black fungus has a specification of 1733 cm polypropylene plastic bag. Each bag of 500 grams of dry material, as the ratio of material and water is 1:1.2 to 1.3, so after the bag is weighed should be 1.1 to 1.2 kg. When the bags are bagged, the volume of the bags is l/3, and the bottom of the bags is propped up. After the bag is filled, the center of the bag is tied with a wooden stick (up to 4/5 in depth), and then the collar is put on and the tampon is stuffed. After filling, the bag height is 16-17 cm. 5. Sterilization After the bag is filled, it must be sterilized to inoculate black fungus. At present, commonly used soil steamer sterilization, once sterilized 500 to 800 bags. When sterilizing, the material in the pan cannot be arranged too densely so that the steam can flow smoothly and the sterilization is thorough. Sterilization time is 8 to 12 hours. Avoid leakage when sterilizing; otherwise the desired temperature in the pot will not affect the sterilization effect. 6. The size of inoculation inoculation room can be based on the inoculum size, generally 10,000 bags can be inoculated every 5-6 square meters. There is a condition that a cooling room can be set. The sterilized bag can be inoculated when it is cooled to about 30°C in the cooling room. Inoculate the inoculation room before 1-2 inoculation. Specific methods: 1 Scatter the white ash in the inoculation room. 2 Place 5-6 heaps of sulfur and saw no mixture to light smoke for 24 hours. 3 Smoke with formaldehyde 5-10 ml and 5 g of potassium permanganate for 24 hours. Before inoculation, apply 75% alcohol to the scorpion, inoculum, and other inoculation tools. After sterilizing, the operator should wash his hands with soap and wipe it with medical alcohol. When inoculating, the bacteria will be turned into corn kernels, and they will be clipped out with a fistula. The culture bag tampon will be opened with one hand, and the bacteria species will be put into the bag with one hand. Generally, put 4-5 pieces in the culture hole, place 4-5 pieces around the upper part of the bag, and then press the button on the outside with the hand to make the Yin type and the culture material fully in contact. Easy to germinate. Finally plug the tampon. Seven, mycelium culture 10 days before inoculation, we must prepare the bed of bacteria, choose topography, ventilation, good drainage as a place of cultivation, the bed width of 1.5 meters, the length of the lower limit, the bed is lower than the ground 5 centimeters, with a work path between the bed and the bed. After the bacterium bed is ready, it is allowed to dry for a few days to make it dry. The river sand is spread on the bed surface by 1-2 cm. The sand is covered with a layer of white ash. The culture bags are lined up one by one and covered with straw curtains. In the first 20 days of germination, it is mainly shaded and moisturized to 20-25°C. After 20 days, the hyphae can grow to about 1/3 of the bacterial bag. At this time, pay attention to ventilation and check whether the bacteria are infected. If there are yellow, red, green, and blue color patches in the bag, it is a mixed fungus, lighter can be used to inject the affected area with formalin, and moved to a separate room for cultivation. There is still a certain amount of production. When the pollution is serious, especially when there is red-orange, it must be isolated immediately, buried deep in the distance or burned so as not to spread and pollute the environment. No centralized management of bacteria. After about 50 days, it can produce good bacteria. Its characteristic is that the white mycelium is covered with bacteria bags, and yellow water drops or black water drops appear on the surface of the bacteria. Eighth, ear-stage management to re-adjust the bed, remove the bag of bacteria, the bed filling a large water, found that there are insects, you can spray a drug. After the water is infiltrated, cut the mouth of the fungus bag along the lower part of the collar and place it on the bed, leaving a gap between the bag and the bag. 5-6 cm cut ear (cut the ear material around the middle of the bag with a sharp shave blade). Generally a bag can be cut from the top down to 3 lines, 10-12 lines each, the mouth is "V" shaped, 3 lines of the cut should be "goods" font. The "V" mouth size is about 1.5 cm square. Combined with openings to increase light. Stimulate ear. The management humidity should reach 80% or more and be covered with straw curtains. When the humidity is not enough, use a sprayer to spray the water on the straw curtain. If necessary, cover with a plastic film. About 10 days or so, the fungus can grow. Nine, harvesting When the fungus grows to 8 minutes (when the ear piece is not fully expanded), harvest it and stop spraying it two or three days before harvesting. Pick one net at harvest time. Stop watering for 7 days after harvesting, which can be cultivated in dark light to encourage continued earing. Generally can be harvested 3 茬, 茬 茬 茬 茬 and more than 20 days apart, head lice production accounted for 50%. After harvesting, the fungus should be air-dried, preferably dry, not exposed to sunlight, and the product can be marketed after drying. (Gutian County Edible Fungus Wholesale Market Management Office)
Forage Grass,Medicago Sativa,White Clover,Perennial Ryegrass
Chengdu Lv Mu Tian Xia Agricultural Technology Co. LTD , http://www.cdlmtx.com