The development of facility vegetable cultivation in Hanzhong City has always been good in China. Today, Xiaobian compiled a typical model for the efficient production of vegetables in Hanzhong City, which is the efficient planting of spring early potato-summer watermelon-qiuyan tomato (or pepper). mode.
(1) Introduction to the model
Based on local production habits and environmental characteristics, Chenggu County has concluded through three years of exploration that the greenhouse early spring potato-summer watermelon-qiuyan tomato (or pepper) has three high-yield and high-efficiency planting patterns. This model is suitable for the promotion and application of the Pingba District of Hanjiang River. It can make the advantages of greenhouse facilities, soil fertility, and warm and light resources fully utilized, improve the land utilization rate, and can play a leading role in the county's vegetable production and promote farmers' income. To promote regional economic development.
In the spring, the early potato plant construction demonstration park was 210 mu, and the average net income of mu was 10,800 yuan, which was more than 80% more than the pre-project implementation. The effect of increasing production, increasing efficiency and demonstrating was better.
(2) Variety selection
The potato is selected from the "early white" high-quality varieties with large potato chips and high commodity rate (from emergence to maturity for 65 days). It is best to use detoxified potato seed or first or second class. Watermelon uses high-quality good varieties Fengkang No. 8, Zheng Kang No. 6 and other early and middle-aged varieties. Tomato selects the special type of autumn extension, the United States Gaojia, the production of pepper, the main application of anti-leaching heat-resistant high-yield special varieties Xiangyan No.9
(3) Sakaguchi arrangement
The sowing date of the potato is from mid-November to the end of November. The shed is warmed up one week before sowing. The planting density is 20×40 cm, and the number of acres is 4500-5500. The film is covered with the film and covered with three layers of small arch shed. In mid-April, it was timely harvested and listed, grabbing market gaps. After the harvesting of the artichokes, the soil was fertilized in time, the water was stored and the mulch was covered, and the watermelon was planted in the middle and late April. The summer watermelon was harvested on July 10-25. After the watermelon is harvested, the greenhouse is sprayed and disinfected, and then the greenhouse film is strictly closed. The high temperature is simmered for 3 to 5 days to kill the bacteria. Planting began in early August. Autumn Yan tomato will be listed from mid-September to late October.
(4) Cultivation management points
In the production practice, in order to promote the early germination and germination of the potato, the potato chips should be cut longitudinally and the top buds should be divided equally. Each seed potato should ensure 1~2 strong bud eyes, and the ash should be mixed with the ash. If the diseased potato is encountered during the dicing process, it can be disinfected to prevent cross infection. In order to promote Miao Qi Miao Zhuang, the greenhouse potatoes should be germinated at 15~18 °C indoors, and the seeds should be taken out when the buds are 2~3 cm long. In the temperature management, the potato is timely placed in the seedlings and sealed. When the seedlings are unearthed 3~5 cm, the seedlings should be broken in time to prevent burning. The second is to inspect the film during the cold season in February to prevent cold wind and injury. Third, after entering the middle of March, it is necessary to promptly ventilate and cool down, increase the temperature difference between day and night, promote nutrient accumulation and rapid expansion of potato tubers.
During the vine-grown period of watermelon, 20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 10 kg of potassium sulphate per acre are applied, and double vine pruning is carried out in time. In mid-May, the melon period is entered. If it is rainy and cloudy, artificial pollination should be carried out. 10 kg of fertilizer, and poured the water for 1~2 times. Watermelon mainly treats anthracnose and wilt, and uses the treatment of anthracnose with Libejia and ruthenium, and the treatment of wilt with enemies.
After the autumn extension, tomatoes and peppers are generally planted in large and small rows, with a small row spacing of 50 to 50 cm, a large row spacing of 65 to 70 cm, a plant spacing of 32 to 37 cm, and a planting of 3000 to 3,500 plants per mu. In the early stage of management, it is necessary to shade and prevent high temperature. After entering October, it is necessary to buckle the shed to prevent low temperature. And carry out irrigation, fertilization, pruning, tying vines, and harvesting in real time.
(5) Benefit analysis
In 2008, the model demonstrated 210 mu, and the average net income of mu was 10,800 yuan. After the demonstration, it became the main production technology of Pingba area in the county. The net income per mu is 1.5~18,000 yuan.
The above is the typical mode of high-efficiency production of vegetables in Hanzhong City. There are also two modes: cucumber/bitter gourd + garlic seedling production mode and early spring solanes and vegetables - fresh corn - late autumn solanaceous fruit vegetable production mode, under the new situation, change The development mode of the vegetable industry, vigorously developing facilities and vegetables, increasing the intensity of land transfer, and striving to improve the scientific and technological content and industrialization level of vegetable cultivation are inevitable choices for the development of the vegetable industry in the coming period.
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