Release date: 2018-03-02
In the recent "Nature·Biotechnology", the results of the Chinese National Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the University of Arizona State University (ASU) team of scientists are eye-catching: scientists use DNA origami technology to create the world's first intelligent anti-cancer Nano-robots, which can find blood vessels that supply blood to tumors in the human body, and then release drugs to create blood vessels that block blood vessels, thereby "starving" the tumors, showing good efficacy and safety in animal experiments [1]!
Cancer cells, it is really a shackle in the human body, ah no, Xiaoqiang. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, and the latest immunization treatments, doctors can be said to be 18 martial arts in order to fight cancer, but these treatments often have obvious side effects, in the case of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, radiation and chemotherapy drugs are the same It will cause damage to normal tissue cells, killing one thousand and killing one hundred thousand, which is not so cost-effective.
However, there is a change in advertising words that can be applied to the head of cancer cells: they do not produce nutrients, but the transplanters of nutrients, and the crazy proliferation of cancer cells to supply oxygen for energy, naturally blood vessels. Blocking the blood vessels that supply solid tumors and starving the cancer cells has always been the direction of scientists' efforts. For example, the arterial embolization chemotherapy (TACE) commonly used in the treatment of liver cancer is directed at the hepatic artery that supplies blood to the tumor. However, this method also faces the problem of insufficient accuracy and side effects.
so what should I do now? Since 5 years ago, the team of the National Nanoscience Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, led by Academician Zhao Yuliang and Ding Baoquan and Nie Guangjun, decided to try to induce thrombosis. Although most of the time, the blood clot is a hostile friend to the human body. For example, the vascular disease process of coronary heart disease can not be related to the thrombus, but the logistics supply of the tumor is blocked, which is definitely beneficial. However, treatment must not be able to simply inject thrombin into the body, or once there is diffuse intravascular coagulation (DIC)... Hallelujah.
The study of four Corresponding author: Nieguang Jun, Hao Yan, Ding and Bao-Quan Zhao Yuliang
The new robot in this research was developed by DNA Origami technology, which is also one of the authors of the paper, and the expertise of ASU professor Yan Wei. Each nano-robot is made up of a flat rectangular DNA origami sheet with four thrombin molecules on the plate, then rolled into a hollow tube, wrapped in thrombin in the tube to prevent thrombin from reaching the tumor Expose the target. The resulting robot is only 90x60x2nm in size.
Nano-robots are so "folded". To learn more about DNA nanotechnology, you can refer to the above-mentioned "Nature" four companies.
Some readers will definitely ask, how can such a robot intelligently locate tumor blood vessels without indiscriminate killing? Scientists certainly think of this. On the outside of the DNA nanorobot, there are also several DNA fragments called Fastener Strand, whose task is to specifically recognize and bind nucleolin which is highly expressed only on tumor vascular endothelial cells [2] ], the target of the attack launched by the nano-robot.
After the nano-robot is injected into the body, as soon as the target is found, it will automatically unfold and release the loaded thrombin. Then thrombin will recruit platelets and fibrinogens, which will be enough to form a blood vessel block within a few hours. The huge thrombus, and the tumor tissue that broke the grain, only the avascular necrosis.
Speaking of the sky, but the effect depends on actual combat. The research team selected four cancers of melanoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer and lung cancer for animal experiments. The nano-robot did not live up to expectations. In the treatment of melanoma model mice, 3 of the 8 mice completely disappeared, and the mice disappeared. The overall median survival time doubled from 20.5 days to 45 days, and no metastases appeared! For ovarian cancer, lung cancer and breast cancer with relatively few tumor blood vessels, the injection of nanobots also effectively inhibited tumor growth and metastasis.
So what is the safety of this treatment? Since the robot is made of DNA molecules and is not a pathogen to the immune system, no obvious inflammatory reaction is induced in the mouse experiment. The research team performed on the Bama miniature pig model with similar human anatomy and physiological characteristics. Further experiments also showed that after the injection robot, the model pigs did not have adverse reactions caused by thrombosis, and the coagulation-related examination indicators did not change significantly, "absolute safety."
With such a platform, it can continue to change and transform nanoscale drugs for different diseases.
Professor Yan Yan said: "We have designed the world's first fully autonomous precision drug delivery, targeted therapy DNA robot system. This is a major advancement in DNA nanotechnology in the field of cancer therapy. I think this technology is very close. It has been put into practical use. With specially designed nano-robots carrying various drugs, it is expected to completely eliminate solid tumors and blood-rich metastases, which achieves the ultimate goal of cancer treatment. Moreover, this robotic treatment strategy can also As a platform, invest in the treatment of other diseases.†The current research team is already looking for partners to transform the results of this laboratory [3].
Industry insiders are not sorry for this research. Scott Lenaghan, a bioengineering expert at the University of Tennessee, said that this is equivalent to winning the "Holy Grail" for the cause of cancer. Professor Mauro Ferrari of Cornell University said that although the clinical success from animal experiments to human body is still far from the same, the real breakthrough lies in this robot platform mode, which has broad application prospects with slight modifications [4].
I heard that the DNA folding technology has something special, and it has a special affinity with cells. Even cancer-resistant cancer cells like it [5], so this is a strange thing in the mind. It is already a fantasy that the nano-robot is equipped with Keytruda. Opdivo's anti-cancer drugs, even CAR-T cells, have killed the cancer giants and lost their helmets... Don't wake up, thank you.
Reference materials:
1. Li S, Jiang Q, Liu S, et al. A DNA nanorobot functions as a cancer therapeutic in response to a molecular trigger in vivo [J]. Nature Biotechnology, 2018.
2.Huang Y, Shi H, Zhou H, et al. The angiogenic function of nucleolin is mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor and nonmuscle myosin[J]. Blood, 2006, 107(9): 3564-3571.
3.https://asunow.asu.edu/20180212-discoveries-cancer-fighting-nanorobots-seek-and-destroy-tumors
4.https://?articles.view/articleNo/51717/title/DNA-Robots-Target-Cancer/
5.Jiang Q, Song C, Nangreave J, et al. DNA origami as a carrier for circumvention of drug resistance [J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2012, 134(32): 13396-13403.
Source: Singularity Network
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