Anti-bagging apple black spot disease

In recent years, due to climate anomalies and management problems, the pests and diseases of bagging apples have been on the rise. In particular, the occurrence of black spot disease has become more prominent. Although the disease has not rotted, the value of commodities has decreased, which has reduced the income of farmers. In response to this situation, the author collected the results of agricultural production experience, after 6 years of experiments, demonstrations, promotion, achieved significant control effect.

First, bagging when the fruit surface is dry. Bagging black spot disease is caused by the infection of pink trichothecene and Alternaria alternata. These two pathogens do not infect the fruit surface under normal circumstances, and only in high temperature and high humidity conditions can they reproduce and infect. The best time for bagging in mid-June is to start bagging after the dew has disappeared in the morning, and close the bag before the dew occurs (before sunset), ie 8-11 am, 14-18 pm . After the rain, the bag must be dried after the leaves and fruit surface are dried. Operate the bag tightly to prevent rain from entering.

Second, timely spraying agent. Young fruit is young and very susceptible to infection by pathogens. If the effective germicide is not sprayed in time before bagging, germs left on the fruit surface can be quickly propagated, causing or aggravating the occurrence and spread of black spot disease. Therefore, in order to reduce the incidence of pests and diseases in bagged fruits, two insecticides should be sprayed before bagging. The specific approach is to spray a protective fungicide 7-10 days (in late May, the spring shoot growth phase) after the deflowering, such as 80% of Dasheng M-45, to kill the bacteria to protect the leaves and young fruit from infection. At the same time, insecticides are used to control the eggs or larvae of pests such as red spider, aphid, and leaf roller moth. In the middle of June, before the bagging, the retinoic acid thiophanate-methyl and the protective fungicide 80% Dasheng M-45 were sprayed. 3 days after spraying, immediately bagging, and strive to finish in a short time. When it rains during bagging, it must be sprayed with bactericide. However, man-agents such as mancozeb, tetromycin and copper-containing fungicides should not be applied prior to bagging to avoid producing hidden disease. In the second half of September, after removing the inner bag for 2 days, spray 80% of Dasong M-45 to protect against the late infection of the bacteria.

Third, use high quality paper bags. In recent years, due to the continued high prices of bagged fruits, many manufacturers have been encouraged to mass-produce paper bags. However, some paper bags do not pass quality. In particular, the viscose used in the closure of paper bags is often used on young fruit because of poor quality or excessive use. Injury occurs, causing skin holes to die and form black spots. Practice has shown that the "Dongmatun" brand paper bags produced by Japan's "Kobayashi" bags, Taiwan "Jiatian" bags, and Wafangdian East Matun Fruit Industry Association are of better quality in terms of viscose quality, lower openings, and the same environmental conditions. In the next, the incidence of black spot disease is significantly reduced and can be used in production.

Fourth, do a good job in summer pruning. Doing summer pruning, such as pulling branches and picking up the heart, can significantly improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in orchards and canopies, and improve the resistance of the trees. In addition, the timely removal of water from the tree plate is an effective measure to prevent or reduce the occurrence of black spot disease.

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