Fat pig slaughter is often caused by factors such as variety, nutrition, management and disease.
Variety. In general, good-breed pigs are slaughtered quickly, and the fattening period is short. Local pigs or earth-finished fattening pigs have a slower growth rate. The good-quality pigs can reach a slaughter weight of 100 kg under normal conditions from 150 days to 160 days. Because of sexual maturity and body maturation, elite breed pigs deposit fat prematurely, and their growth rate is slowed down later and they cannot be slaughtered on time. Some pig farms introduced blindly, which has brought about adverse effects. For example, pigs with poor viability, stress syndrome, and poor quality of PSE have slowed down the growth rate and also affected pork quality.
Nutritional aspects. The nutrients required for finishing pigs of different growth stages are different. Therefore, the nutrition of the feed should be determined according to the growth period of the pigs. Poor quality, incomplete nutrition, malnutrition, or low-absorption feeds all result in pigs not achieving the expected daily gain. Long-term supply of low-protein, unbalanced calcium-phosphorus ratios, lack of trace elements, insufficient vitamins, or nutritionally disrupted feeds can cause pig malnutrition, slow growth, decrease, stagnation, or even negative growth. If the pig does not lay a good foundation in the lactation stage, resulting in slower growth rate in the later period, easy to get the disease, the reason is that it failed to feed in time, the poor quality of the induced food, seriously affecting its growth and development, resulting in weaker sow constitution, growth Slow; add too much unsaturated fatty acids in the feed, especially corrupt fatty acids cause vitamins to be destroyed, corn content is too high, copper content is too high, lack of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin B1, can induce gastric ulcers in pigs, Antagonism between nutrients and other diseases.
Management. The unfavorable husbandry and management system or the non-strict implementation of the prescribed system will all result in poor production of sows, poor health of suckling pigs, unhealthy finishing pigs, and affecting growth. Early maternal sows are likely to produce weak children if they are mated prematurely or if the sows have too many births. Poor sanitation, poor ventilation, excessively high or low temperatures, indiscriminate disinfection measures, and imperfect disease prevention systems often result in poorly developed pigs, poor health, and easy disease. If there is neither heating nor insulation during the winter, it is easy to cause the temperature inside the house to be too low and the house to be damp and cold. In the summer, if there is no cooling equipment and ventilation facilities, it will easily lead to excessive temperature, excessive humidity, over-concentration of ammonia, and incompetent treatment of excreta, which will cause pig digestive system or respiratory diseases and affect fattening. Pig growth and development.
Diseases. Due to the increase in the types of pig diseases and the phenomenon of mixed infections, the farms take regular medications for the purpose of preventing and curing the pigs' health. As a result, the resistance of the pig herds is increased, the beneficial bacteria in the body are reduced, and the absorption of nutrients is affected. For example, sulfonamides, furans, and erythromycin affect the absorption of calcium, resulting in weak constitutions and slow growth. On the contrary, some pig farms have a chance of being fortunate, do not pay attention to overall health and epidemic prevention and disinfection, and do not pay attention to vaccine prevention, such as diseases such as blue ear disease, stealthy swine fever, asthma, and streptococcus affecting their growth and even death.
To prevent delays in fat pigs due to the above reasons, the following measures should be taken:
Choose pig breeds. Lean pigs gained more weight than both combined and fat pigs and had a short fattening period. Especially the male parent, the excellent male parent must show good meat production performance, feed utilization, daily gain, slaughter rate, high lean meat ratio, well-developed leg gluteal muscles, thin backfat and good sexual desire; This should show good reproductive performance, produce more children, strong lactation, and high birth index. The number of live animals in Duluoke at the Animal Husbandry Development Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences was 10.36. The average daily gain of 25 kg to 100 kg was 956 g, and the feed-to-weight ratio was 2.67:1. The approximately 11.26 live pigs in Yokochi, with an average daily gain of 922 g from 25 kg to 100 kg, have a feed ratio of 2.71:1. The number of active sons in Changbai Wo is 11.09, with an average daily weight gain of 858 g from 25 kg to 100 kg and a feed ratio of 2.70:1. Excellent boar and sow quality ensure the survival rate, growth rate, and carcass leanness rate of pigs and finishing pigs, and improve economic efficiency.
Nutrients. According to different stages of growth, we choose nutrient-rich feedstuffs and clearly understand the amount of nutrients and the amount of each nutrient that can be provided by each feedstuff to formulate suitable and reasonable diets. High-quality feed ingredients should have good palatability, high digestibility, and low levels of anti-nutritional factors. The high-quality feed nutrition must meet the growth needs of pigs, appropriate levels of crude fiber, good palatability, ensure good digestion, no constipation, no row of feces, can produce high-quality carcass, and the cost is low.
Daily management. Improve the uniformity of the transit group and transfer the nest. The proportion of 1 to 2 fetal sows, 3 to 5 fetuses, and 6 fetuses in sow farms is relatively reasonable at a ratio of 3:6:1. This ratio is favorable for raising the number of live animals, hadrons, and survival of farms. Rate, to strengthen the feeding and management of pregnant sows and lactating sows, increase feed intake during late pregnancy and lactation, increase the birth weight of sows and sow's lactation force; sow the suckling pigs as soon as possible to attract food and create good growth conditions .
According to sources, breeds, strengths and weaknesses, and reasonable weight groups, reduce stress and follow the principles of “leave the weak but not stay strong, remove more without splitting, and eliminate nightsâ€. In order to develop three positions as soon as possible, Maintain a reasonable population size and stocking density, do summer cooling and winter insulation, reasonable ventilation, appropriate lighting time and intensity, and create good growth conditions for pigs.
Strengthen the disinfection work. Before the pigs were transferred to finishing pigs, the pigs were thoroughly washed and sterilized. They were left empty for 7 days. After they were transferred, they should be disinfected once every 7 days. Disinfectants should be replaced every 7 days to reduce the content of bacterial viruses in pig houses. In order to do a good job in epidemic prevention and deworming, we must adhere to the principle of giving priority to prevention and supplementing treatment. The pigs were vaccinated with swine fever, swine erysipelas, paratyphoid piglets, asthma, edema, and blue-ear disease before 70 days of age.
Feed formula: According to different seasons to choose different feed formulations, such as in the summer can reduce the corn content, but in the winter is the opposite. Pigs that fight, stress, over- or under-temperature, or lack of feed and drinking water should try to avoid the stress that affects pig growth.
Although the fattening period is the last link of the farm, the potential factors for the fattening pigs are also significant. Therefore, the pig breeds, feeds, feeding and management, and epidemic prevention and control must all increase awareness and cannot be paralysed.
Variety. In general, good-breed pigs are slaughtered quickly, and the fattening period is short. Local pigs or earth-finished fattening pigs have a slower growth rate. The good-quality pigs can reach a slaughter weight of 100 kg under normal conditions from 150 days to 160 days. Because of sexual maturity and body maturation, elite breed pigs deposit fat prematurely, and their growth rate is slowed down later and they cannot be slaughtered on time. Some pig farms introduced blindly, which has brought about adverse effects. For example, pigs with poor viability, stress syndrome, and poor quality of PSE have slowed down the growth rate and also affected pork quality.
Nutritional aspects. The nutrients required for finishing pigs of different growth stages are different. Therefore, the nutrition of the feed should be determined according to the growth period of the pigs. Poor quality, incomplete nutrition, malnutrition, or low-absorption feeds all result in pigs not achieving the expected daily gain. Long-term supply of low-protein, unbalanced calcium-phosphorus ratios, lack of trace elements, insufficient vitamins, or nutritionally disrupted feeds can cause pig malnutrition, slow growth, decrease, stagnation, or even negative growth. If the pig does not lay a good foundation in the lactation stage, resulting in slower growth rate in the later period, easy to get the disease, the reason is that it failed to feed in time, the poor quality of the induced food, seriously affecting its growth and development, resulting in weaker sow constitution, growth Slow; add too much unsaturated fatty acids in the feed, especially corrupt fatty acids cause vitamins to be destroyed, corn content is too high, copper content is too high, lack of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin B1, can induce gastric ulcers in pigs, Antagonism between nutrients and other diseases.
Management. The unfavorable husbandry and management system or the non-strict implementation of the prescribed system will all result in poor production of sows, poor health of suckling pigs, unhealthy finishing pigs, and affecting growth. Early maternal sows are likely to produce weak children if they are mated prematurely or if the sows have too many births. Poor sanitation, poor ventilation, excessively high or low temperatures, indiscriminate disinfection measures, and imperfect disease prevention systems often result in poorly developed pigs, poor health, and easy disease. If there is neither heating nor insulation during the winter, it is easy to cause the temperature inside the house to be too low and the house to be damp and cold. In the summer, if there is no cooling equipment and ventilation facilities, it will easily lead to excessive temperature, excessive humidity, over-concentration of ammonia, and incompetent treatment of excreta, which will cause pig digestive system or respiratory diseases and affect fattening. Pig growth and development.
Diseases. Due to the increase in the types of pig diseases and the phenomenon of mixed infections, the farms take regular medications for the purpose of preventing and curing the pigs' health. As a result, the resistance of the pig herds is increased, the beneficial bacteria in the body are reduced, and the absorption of nutrients is affected. For example, sulfonamides, furans, and erythromycin affect the absorption of calcium, resulting in weak constitutions and slow growth. On the contrary, some pig farms have a chance of being fortunate, do not pay attention to overall health and epidemic prevention and disinfection, and do not pay attention to vaccine prevention, such as diseases such as blue ear disease, stealthy swine fever, asthma, and streptococcus affecting their growth and even death.
To prevent delays in fat pigs due to the above reasons, the following measures should be taken:
Choose pig breeds. Lean pigs gained more weight than both combined and fat pigs and had a short fattening period. Especially the male parent, the excellent male parent must show good meat production performance, feed utilization, daily gain, slaughter rate, high lean meat ratio, well-developed leg gluteal muscles, thin backfat and good sexual desire; This should show good reproductive performance, produce more children, strong lactation, and high birth index. The number of live animals in Duluoke at the Animal Husbandry Development Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences was 10.36. The average daily gain of 25 kg to 100 kg was 956 g, and the feed-to-weight ratio was 2.67:1. The approximately 11.26 live pigs in Yokochi, with an average daily gain of 922 g from 25 kg to 100 kg, have a feed ratio of 2.71:1. The number of active sons in Changbai Wo is 11.09, with an average daily weight gain of 858 g from 25 kg to 100 kg and a feed ratio of 2.70:1. Excellent boar and sow quality ensure the survival rate, growth rate, and carcass leanness rate of pigs and finishing pigs, and improve economic efficiency.
Nutrients. According to different stages of growth, we choose nutrient-rich feedstuffs and clearly understand the amount of nutrients and the amount of each nutrient that can be provided by each feedstuff to formulate suitable and reasonable diets. High-quality feed ingredients should have good palatability, high digestibility, and low levels of anti-nutritional factors. The high-quality feed nutrition must meet the growth needs of pigs, appropriate levels of crude fiber, good palatability, ensure good digestion, no constipation, no row of feces, can produce high-quality carcass, and the cost is low.
Daily management. Improve the uniformity of the transit group and transfer the nest. The proportion of 1 to 2 fetal sows, 3 to 5 fetuses, and 6 fetuses in sow farms is relatively reasonable at a ratio of 3:6:1. This ratio is favorable for raising the number of live animals, hadrons, and survival of farms. Rate, to strengthen the feeding and management of pregnant sows and lactating sows, increase feed intake during late pregnancy and lactation, increase the birth weight of sows and sow's lactation force; sow the suckling pigs as soon as possible to attract food and create good growth conditions .
According to sources, breeds, strengths and weaknesses, and reasonable weight groups, reduce stress and follow the principles of “leave the weak but not stay strong, remove more without splitting, and eliminate nightsâ€. In order to develop three positions as soon as possible, Maintain a reasonable population size and stocking density, do summer cooling and winter insulation, reasonable ventilation, appropriate lighting time and intensity, and create good growth conditions for pigs.
Strengthen the disinfection work. Before the pigs were transferred to finishing pigs, the pigs were thoroughly washed and sterilized. They were left empty for 7 days. After they were transferred, they should be disinfected once every 7 days. Disinfectants should be replaced every 7 days to reduce the content of bacterial viruses in pig houses. In order to do a good job in epidemic prevention and deworming, we must adhere to the principle of giving priority to prevention and supplementing treatment. The pigs were vaccinated with swine fever, swine erysipelas, paratyphoid piglets, asthma, edema, and blue-ear disease before 70 days of age.
Feed formula: According to different seasons to choose different feed formulations, such as in the summer can reduce the corn content, but in the winter is the opposite. Pigs that fight, stress, over- or under-temperature, or lack of feed and drinking water should try to avoid the stress that affects pig growth.
Although the fattening period is the last link of the farm, the potential factors for the fattening pigs are also significant. Therefore, the pig breeds, feeds, feeding and management, and epidemic prevention and control must all increase awareness and cannot be paralysed.
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