Recently, Qiu Shujin, Nunzhuang Town, Cangzhou City, has sent garlic pictures of the disease to the author. According to him, in the garlic production area of ​​Quzhou City, there are symptoms of yellow leaves, wilting and curling in the garlic fields in spring each year. Occasionally, only occasional field plots occurred. After one week, they gradually spread to other fields, especially after the rain. After a foggy day, the condition progressed particularly quickly.
According to the garlic symptoms in the picture and the spread of the situation, garlic should have an epidemic disease. In recent years, the epidemic has been aggravating in the garlic fields planted in the heavily populated areas. In the fall of 2016, there were more rains. The planting period of garlic was generally postponed, and the pre-winter growth was weak. The disease resistance was poor, and the spring was more susceptible to the disease.
Garlic diseases belong to fungal diseases. The pathogens use mycelium and chlamydospores to survive overwhelmingly in the body or soil. When conditions are appropriate in spring and early spring, the spores of the disease are initially infested and re-invaded by wind, rain, irrigation water, and fog. dye. When the initial infection occurs, it is mainly at the tips of the leaves or the middle of the leaves. In the early stages of disease, pale to light yellow water dips into spots, the edges are light green, the lesions spread rapidly, and the leaves or the entire leaves are wilted in 3 to 5 days, and the humidity is high. The lesions rot and cause the whole plant to die. The diseased garlic has insufficient capacity for bulb expansion and convulsions, which affects the yield and quality.
The occurrence of the garlic blight was greatly influenced by the heavy crop, weather, sowing date and soil moisture. The incidence and severity of the disease are usually higher in the fields that have been replanted for many years. Severe occurrence of this disease is from April to May, but due to frequent warm winter weather, the number of rainfall increases, precipitation is large, haze is more and more days, and the onset period is getting earlier and earlier. If there is more dew in the morning, the incidence is more serious. From the sowing date of garlic, the roots of garlic sown earlier were better, and the damage was lighter; the late sowing garlic was weak before the winter and the roots were underdeveloped, and the disease resistance and resilience were poor, and the disease was easy to be infected the next year. Soil moisture also has a major impact on the outbreak of the disease. This year, the soil moisture is generally high, especially in the ditch of the mulching garlic field, and the soil moisture cannot be dissipated. In case of rain weather, the spread of the disease is aggravated.
For garlic disease, comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken. The first is to use soil biocontrol agents to improve the soil ecological status of the re-cultivated plots and reduce the number and density of harmful bacteria; second is to ensure the drainage system of the field trenches to prevent water retention; the third is to increase organic fertilizer, potash fertilizer and biological agents. Such as, to enhance the resistance of garlic plants; Fourth, according to the incidence of the field, timely prevention with low-toxic chemical pesticides, such as the initial stage of spraying 72% urea frost Mn-Zn wettable powder 800 to 1000 times, or 72.2% formicin Hydrochloric acid saline solution 600 to 800 times, or 58% of methylfreeze manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times and so on.
Note: The picture shows the incidence of garlic in the field by Qiu Shufa. The right side of the plot has suffered from poor drainage and excess water resulting in serious epidemics.
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