1 reasons for the low yield of betel nut
1.1 using inferior seedlings
In the 1980s, the price of Hainan's betel nut climbed, which greatly promoted the cultivation of betel nut. The demand for betel nut seedlings has increased sharply. The seedling operators have not strictly followed the scientific methods for the selection of excellent seeds. The betel nut seedling market has been mixed and mixed, and a large number of low-yielding mother plants and inferior seedlings from Thailand are in Hainan. Wholesale sales, growers buy plants without knowing or seeking seedlings. Some growers lack the awareness of good breeds and are one of the reasons for the prevalence of inferior seedlings. The growth cycle of betel nut is long, and growers generally do not update inferior and low-yield areas, and the average yield is affected for a long time.
1.2 Land conditions are not suitable
Although betel nut has certain adaptability to soil and ecological conditions, good land conditions can effectively promote the growth and flowering of betel nut. Many growers do not pay attention to the choice of soil and ecological conditions. Planting betel nut is blindly planted on barren and arid sandy gravel or soil with heavy weight and low water. The soil conditions and ecological environment are not suitable for betel nut growth, betel nut plant growth. Poor, prone to disease, slow production, low yield.
1.3 Lack of garden infrastructure
Hainan areca is mainly grown on slopes. Whether it is land reclamation or reclaimed land, most of them do not carry out garden planning and garden infrastructure construction according to the topography. There are no planting platforms and irrigation facilities. Some have a platform, but they have lost their effect due to years of disrepair. The rainfall distribution in Hainan is uneven, in the rainy season from May to October. Most of the water is lost from the surface, while in other dry months, the water needed for plant growth is not satisfied, and the growth of betel nut is affected. It is difficult to be high.
Low-yield betel nut gardens generally lack sufficient water. The main reason for the lack of water is that the betel plantation has a high slope and excessive slope. In the absence of basic garden construction. The soil and water conservation capacity is poor, especially in the betel nut gardens with long planting years, due to the dense roots of the surface soil. The rainwater penetration is reduced and the loss is serious. Second, the deforestation of forest trees near the betel nut garden is severe, the water storage capacity of the mountain is reduced, and the water source is scarce. Third, the betel nut garden is bare, lacking coverage, and the soil moisture is evaporated under high temperature conditions.
1.4 neglect management
Areca is a traditional herbal medicine in Hainan. In the past, farmers only completed a whole process of land reclamation with a machete. Under the influence of the traditional concept of “human racesâ€, many growers are very extensive in the management of betel nut, without necessary soil modification and effective water and fertilizer management. During the growth and development of betel nut or after the flowering result, the nutrient consumption is not supplemented, causing the plant to gradually decline and the yield is decreasing year by year. Management of normal growth and development of betel nut can be normal flowering results of 5O ~ 60 years, and some betel nut planting after 20 years of growth, but the growth of atrophy, tree stems become smaller, the leaves become shorter. One of the fundamental reasons for the obvious signs of aging is the lack of necessary management.
1.5 pest damage
Disease is one of the main causes of low yield of betel nut, the most serious of which is betel nut yellowing. Betel nut yellowing was first reported in Kerala, India in the 1960s. The disease spread rapidly, with an area of ​​more than 3Ohm2. The production of damaged betel nut decreased year by year, and severe cases died. Hainan was discovered in Hainan medicinal material field (Xichang County) in 1981. The damage area is about 6.67hm2, and it has expanded to more than 23.3hm2. Qionghai, Wanning, Lingshui, Sanya and other counties and cities have occurred in large areas and are still spreading. After the onset of the disease, the fruit yield is reduced by 70% to 80%, which severely limits the increase in the overall output of Hainan betel nut. According to Luo Daquan's research, Phytoplasmas is a pathogen causing betel nut yellowing, and the infection of this disease may be related to vector insects.
Red blast is the most serious pest of betel nut. It has different degrees in the betel nut production areas in Hainan, mainly affecting flowers and young fruits, which can reduce the production of betel nut by 20% to 30%.
2 Countermeasures to increase the production of betel nut
2.1 Strengthening the breeding of betel nut varieties
Establishing a betel nut seedling breeding base and cultivating and promoting high-yield and robust betel nut seedlings are fundamental measures to improve the overall output of Hainan's betel nut. Establish an excellent betel nut seedling breeding operation procedure and quality standards. The seeds were selected in strict accordance with the selection procedure of one of the selected ones and one selected fruit. To ensure that the mother plant grows robust and high yield, the seeds are even and moderate, without pathogens and maturity. Screening of strong seedlings, poorly developed or diseased seedlings should be eliminated, and put an end to shoddy. It’s true. Imported varieties from Thailand or other countries are generally characterized by low yield and poor quality in Hainan and should be updated in a timely manner. The agricultural technology departments of the betel nut production areas should guide the betel nut species and establish bridges between the betel nut seedling cultivation bases or scientific research departments and growers to strengthen the selection and promotion of fine varieties.
2.2 Choosing good soil and ecological conditions
Areca is a tropical rainforest plant that is suitable for growing in slightly acidic, fertile, organically rich and well-drained slightly acidic to neutral sandy loam. Therefore, good soil conditions are the key to growing high-yield betel nut. Betel nut is characterized by large leaves, shallow roots, warm and moist, and the moisture of the surface soil of the betel nut garden and the garden air must be kept moist to ensure the water requirement of the betel nut during the growth and development process. Therefore, it is best to choose a gentle slope with easy to establish irrigation and drainage system and maintain air humidity and environmental conditions.
2.3 Strengthening the basic construction of gardens and improving the management level of fertilizer and water
Betel nut cultivation must first be carried out in garden planning, and hillside planting should open up high-level planting platforms to prevent soil erosion and easy management of fertilization and weeding. Growers should increase capital investment and do a good job of irrigation and drainage according to the water source. To ensure the supply of water. The drainage ditch should be dug deep in low ground. To ensure that the soil is moist without water accumulation, good fertilizer and water management is quite significant for promoting the growth and development of betel nut. In the young age, the fertilizer is sufficient, the water is appropriate, the plant grows robustly, and the production is fast. The flowering fruit period of betel nut is up to 9 months and consumes a lot of nutrients. Appropriate fertilizer and water management should be carried out according to the different phenological periods of betel nut to meet the needs of plant growth and development and flowering results. Fertilizers are mainly organic fertilizers, and they are encouraged to combine and grow. In order to provide more organic fertilizer for betel nut, avoid excessive use of chemical fertilizers to cause damage to soil structure and nutritional imbalance.
2.4 Strengthen technical training and increase scientific management
In many betel nut producing areas, the traditional concept of betel nut cultivation is deeply rooted. It is not easy to accept some new technical methods, and it is necessary to comprehensively improve the management level of betel nut. First of all, it is necessary to change the traditional ideology inherent in the grower. Promote their understanding of scientific management through publicity and education; secondly, carry out various forms of technical training to enable betel nut growers and technicians to truly master scientific management techniques; and thirdly establish a betel nut scientific management demonstration base for growers to visit and learn. And technology promotion, allowing growers to build confidence in increasing production.
2.5 Strengthening the prevention and control of the occurrence of yellowing disease and the prevention and control of insect pests The betel nut yellowing disease, which is the most harmful to betel nut, has been reported at home and abroad, but effective therapeutic techniques are still being explored. Yellow disease is a non-fulminant disease, and there is a slow development process after the onset. But in the end it will inevitably lead to a decline in production and the death of plants. It is an effective way to prevent the occurrence of this disease by breeding healthy seedlings, isolating wards, eradicating diseased plants, and cutting off pathogens. The occurrence and development of betel nut yellowing disease must be closely monitored, and measures should be taken to control the spread of the disease.
Red veined locust is the main pest of betel nut. It should be controlled by comprehensive measures to avoid environmental pollution and harm to humans and animals caused by simple chemical control.
Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If legal rights of third parties are involved, please inform this website. phone
We have Plant extract , herbal extract , Organic Extract , Fruit & vegetable powder , Essential Oil
Now we have 3 GMP standard workshop, Meanwhile, the factory is equipped with the researching and quality inspection centre, with strong technology research and development strength. We also have 3 salesdepartments over 30 people and sell our products all over the world.
For customer`s needs, OEM service is also acceptable. If you have a good idea in new product production but lack of laboratory device and human resource, we are glad to solve this problem for you. Sincerely hope to strengthen exchanges and cooperation with friends from both home and abroad.
Anti-Hair Loss Product,Climbazole Hair Loss,Climbazole Shampoo For Dogs,Hair Loss Ketoconazole
Xi'an Henrikang Biotech Co.,Ltd , https://www.xianhenrikangbio.com