Mushrooms are a kind of saprophytic fungi. They cannot use solar energy to carry out photosynthesis, and they rely solely on the nutrients in the culture materials for growth and development. The carbonaceous material is the most important nutrient, followed by nitrogenous substances and inorganic salts. The carbonaceous material that the mushroom needs is basically an organic compound that comes from the plant body and is supplied by the straw. The straw contains rich hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. Livestock manure also contains components such as cellulose. However, these substances can only be absorbed by the hyphae when they are decomposed into soluble substances. When hemicellulose is converted into glucose, fructose, galactose, xylose, etc., it is first used by mushrooms. After the cellulose is converted to sucrose, maltose, lactose, etc., it is then used by mushrooms. Lignin is then used. . Mushrooms need nitrogenous substances such as ammonia nitrogen, organic nitrogen, and urea. Ammonium nitrogen and organic nitrogen can increase the yield of mushrooms, but excessive application of ammonia nitrogen can greatly damage the growth of mycelium. The use of ammonium salt is mainly determined by the pH of the culture material, and the excessive application of the ammonium salt will cause an acidic environment and delay the growth of the mushroom. Proteins cannot be used directly for mushrooms, but they can use amino acids and peptides after their decomposition. In addition to the good effect of urea on the fermentation of the culture material, it is also an essential nutrient for the formation of fruit bodies. Potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and other mineral elements are also indispensable for mushrooms. Few potassium can meet the requirements of the mushroom. In the presence of calcium, the effect of potassium is more pronounced, but excess potassium is detrimental to the development of mycelium. Phosphorus is an essential element for mushroom mycelium development. The important role of calcium can promote the growth of mushroom mycelium and help the mushroom to form fruit bodies. When the stocks of potassium, magnesium, sodium and phosphorus are too much, calcium can offset their harmful effects on the nutritional physiology of mushrooms; calcium can also be cultivated. After the material is fermented, the humus colloid becomes a condensed state, so that the culture material does not become viscous and loose. The effect of magnesium on enzymes is enhanced by the presence of calcium. Sulfur is an essential element for the growth of mushrooms because gypsum is applied to the culture medium, and its content is sufficient and it does not need to be added. Iron is an essential element for the growth of mushroom mycelia, but it is harmful when used in excess. Zinc is an essential element for the mushroom to complete its assimilation. Copper is an essential component of certain enzymes and seems to stimulate the growth of mushrooms. Molybdenum plays an important role in the formation of nitrogenous substances in mushrooms. Trace elements such as iron, zinc, copper, and molybdenum act in trace amounts, and the culture material generally contains enough trace elements for mushroom growth. However, in the case of artificial synthetic materials mainly composed of rice straw, etc., in addition to various fertilizers, various trace elements should be added to meet the needs of mushroom growth. The culture materials, which are generally made of straw and livestock manure and applied with a certain amount of chemical fertilizers, can have nutrient conditions required by mushrooms. However, these nutrients must be broken down into simple soluble substances before they can be absorbed by mushroom hyphae. This process is accomplished by cultivating the activity of microorganisms in the feed, the enzymes secreted by the mycelium (fibrinolytic enzymes, proteases, etc.), and the oxidizing power of organic acids and mycelium. However, the young hyphae that have just germinated from the spores have poor ability to use more complex substances and can only be cultured on a medium that is easier to absorb first.
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