Almonds (Benevolence Peach and American Almonds) are the most important species of nuts in the international trade of fruits and have high economic benefits. In the international market, the price of unprocessed almonds is about US$4,000/t, and the price of finished almonds is more than twice its price. In the United States, the cultivation and production of large almonds has become an industry. Amygdala develops quickly and results are early, 3-4 years old trees enter the fruiting period, 10-25 years are full fruit period, the economic life is as long as 50 years, the fruit production period can reach 150-300kg/667 square meters, plus almonds Is a fast-growing tree species, so it is the best choice for returning farmland to forests. 1 The site selection of almonds is tolerant to drought, drought, cold and adaptability. However, it is best to choose a deep, well ventilated loam and sandy loam plot for cultivation. Because almonds are very vulnerable to night frosts, attention should be paid to choosing the central hillside and open flatlands, valleys, and sheltering the south slopes of the sunny garden, and be careful not to build gardens on the windward side. ? 2 seedlings plant spacing of 3m4m or 4m5m is appropriate, planting density 33 ~ 35 / 667 square meters. In order to achieve early high-yield and high-efficiency purposes, 83 to 111 plants/667 square meters can be planted for the planned planting plantation. However, timely thinning should be performed. Planting seedlings can be finished using seedlings and sprouts. The use of sprouts can save one-year nursery time for early plastic surgery, but some reserve seedlings need to be kept for replanting at any time. Before the planting, the depth of excavation and the diameter of the planting pits each having a diameter of 60 cm were used. When the planting density was large, the planting belts with widths and depths of 60 cm could be dug directly. ? 3 fertilization and water management of saplings once a year, adult trees 2 to 3 years. The sapling strains 15 to 25 kg of base fertilizer, 20 to 25 kg of middle-aged trees and 50 to 100 kg of large trees. The fertilization is generally divided into 3 times in a year. The first time is suitable for early spring or autumn and winter, with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers as the main factor. The second time during fruit enlargement, nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are the main components. After the fruit is harvested for the third time, the compost is composted. Organic manure, such as manure, is usually used in combination with autumn deep plowing. In addition, fertilizers such as 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% to 0.4% urea can also be sprayed during the growing season. Areas with an annual rainfall of 400-450mm generally do not require special watering. In areas with insufficient or uneven distribution of rainwater in summer, irrigation should be performed 1 or 2 times. If winter irrigation is performed before winter, the effect is better. ? 4 pruning almonds hi light, strong dry, often in the high-density cultivation of orchards in the main free-spindle shape, low-density cultivation of natural orchard based mainly. The main feature of the free-spindle shape is that there is a central leader, and 10 to 15 main branches are set aside in different parts of the center and scattered, and the main branch maintains an angle of 80 to 90 degrees with the trunk. The result is a direct branch of the main branch. The main features of the natural happy shape is good light transmission, dry height 40 ~ 50cm, selected in the trunk to stay 3 ~ 4 main branches, base angle 45 ~ 70, 2 ~ 4 lateral branches, with branches in the lateral branches. Because almonds have a strong branching ability, the principle of pruning is more sparse. Almonds are mainly fruit trees with short fruit branches. The fruit trees in the young and early fruit stages have a strong growth, and the number of long-term fruiting branches is large. Generally when the new shoots grow to about 50-60 cm, the heart is picked up in time to promote the secondary shoots and increase the fruiting branches. At the same time promptly sparse excess branches. For back branches and upright branches that need to be reserved for space, twist them in time when they are 50 to 60cm long. Basic winter does not move shear, generally in the second winter after planting can be formed. 5 Flower and fruit management 5.1 Strengthening the comprehensive management of orchards by applying organic fertilizers, increasing tree vigor, and promoting flower bud differentiation. At the same time, paying attention to the use of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers will help increase the percentage of complete flowers and thus reduce the number of flowers and fruits. 5.2 Flowering bee almond flowers are insect-borne flowers. When the bee is released at full flowering stage, a box of bees is placed every 667 square meters, so that normal flowers can be well pollinated and fertilized, thereby increasing the fruit setting rate and increasing the yield by 20%. 5.3 Rational allocation of pollination tree Apricot self-flowering is not strong, generally every 2 to 3 rows of main varieties, with 1 to 2 rows of pollination varieties, to create conditions for the normal pollination and fertilization of almonds, which will help increase the fruit setting rate. At present, the main reason for the low fruit set rate and low yield of some new-built almonds bases is caused by the unreasonable allocation of pollination trees. When constructing the garden, attention must be paid to the configuration of the pollinating tree. When combining varieties, the main cultivar should be combined with one early flower variety and one late flower variety. For example, Yiyibian No. 1 is the main cultivar, accounting for 60% of the total. Flat No. 2 and Yibian No. 3 are pollinated tree varieties, each accounting for about 20%. 6 Pest control Pest resistance to pests is strong, and the main threats to the growth and development of almonds are peach aphids, red spiders and leaf aphids, dry rot, root rot, and fluid gum disease. (1) Control peach aphids. In addition to controlling natural enemies such as grasshoppers and bud molds, 40% dimethoate or 50% dichlorvos or 50% parathion 2000 times can be used for prevention and control. (2) Control of red spiders. Can be used to kill or kill the net spirit. (3) Control of leaf shingle disease. It is sprayed with 50% thiophanate 800 to 1000 times or deciduous and sprayed with Baume 5 degree lime sulfur. (4) Prevention of dry rot. Apply 4 degree lime sulfur to brush the disease. (5) Prevention of root rot disease. Remove topsoil from the roots of the tree and expose the upper rhizome to air. (6) Prevention and control of fluidic diseases. After spraying, 0.5 degree lime sulfur was sprayed every 15 to 20 days for a total of 3 times. Can also be used 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times from the beginning of April, sprayed once every other half a month, a total of 3 to 4 times.
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