Identification method
Morphological identification: length 15-40cm, hairless or sparse hair on the flower axis. Slim. Stem four prisms, dark purple or brown-green surface. Leaves opposite, shortly stalked or subsessile; leaf blade retracted or recurved, flattened triangular-ovate or lanceolate, 1.5--3 cm long, 0.5-1 cm wide, apex obtuse, base truncate or broad Wedge-shaped, full or a few obvious blunt teeth, dark green above, below the light green; crisp and fragile. Inflorescences were born on branches, corolla 2-lipped, brown-yellow or dark-blue-purple, ca. 1.2 cm long, covered with coats, but the corolla often fell out of the commodity, leaving spoon-shaped jaws and cap-shaped shield-shaped caps. Contains 4 flat spherical nutlets, light brown. The whole grass is soft and easy to break. Gas slightly, taste bitter. It is better to use green and sweet.
Microscopic identification: leaf surface preparation: epidermal cells were long polygonal, vertical wavy curved, upper epidermal cells, long 55-93μm, width 14-40μm, lower epidermal cells 25-48μm long, 11-25μm wide. Non-glandular hairs consist of 1-2 cells, conical, walled with verrucose projections, basal cells with radial cuticle texture, and non-glandular hairs near the margin of the leaf, consisting of 1-3 cells, 48-141 μm long. The glandular scales are less on the upper surface and more on the lower surface. The glandular head is spherical and oblate spherical, composed of 7-8 cells, 50-75 μm in diameter, and single glandular stalk cells; glandular hairs present in the lower part.
Epidermis, a glandular head composed of 4 cells, approximately 28 μm in diameter, glandular unicellular. Stoma is present in the lower epidermis, straight axis.
Physical and chemical identification: take 10 grams of the product powder, add 80% ethanol 50 ml, set on the water bath for half an hour reflux, while hot filtration, the filtrate for the following test:
1. Take 1 ml of filtrate, add a little magnesium powder and 4 drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and the solution will gradually turn red. (Check flavonoids)
2. Take 1 ml of filtrate and add 1-2 drops of 1% ferric chloride solution. The solution is dark green. (Check phenols)
3. Take the remaining filtrate on a water bath and dry it. The residue is dissolved in 5 ml of 5% hydrochloric acid and filtered. About 1 ml of the filtrate was added to each of the three test tubes, and then 1-2 drops of cesium-potassium iodide test solution, potassium iodide-potassium iodide test solution, and tungstic acid test solution were added, respectively. (check alkaloids)
Thin layer chromatography sample preparation: The product powder (20 mesh) 2 grams, add ether 10 ml, reflux for half an hour, pour the ether, the residue plus methanol 15 ml, reflux for half an hour after cooling, filtration, the filtrate for sample use . Sample volume 10 ml. Adsorbent: Silicone H (Huangyan Fluorescence Chemical Factory), 0.5% CMC plating, and activation at 110°C for half an hour. Developing agent: toluene-ethyl formate-formic acid (3:3:1). The exhibition distance is 12cm. The spots were observed under a UV lamp (365 nm).
Function: heat, detoxification, stasis, bleeding, diuretic swelling, constant pain.
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