Northeastern greenhouse melon cultivation technology
1 Melon variety selection
Melon should choose high-yielding disease-resistant, suitable for local climatic conditions, and market-selling varieties. The main varieties in our region are: daughter fragrance, Yinuo Jing (improved Yingchun), 103, 805 and so on.
2 Melon seedlings
2.1 Melon seedling age and seedling time Melon seedling age should not be too long, generally 30 ~ 35 d is appropriate, to determine the nursery time according to their own facilities.
2.2 Preparation of melon before sowing The best nutrient soil is prepared in advance of 1.2 m3 per mu of greenhouse. The best nutrient soil formula is 1/3 of fully decomposed horse manure, 1/3 of fully decomposed soil manure, and 1/3 of fertile field topsoil. Or fully decomposed pig manure 1/2, fertile field topsoil 1/2, sieve and mix well. In addition, 88,500 to 6,000 nutrient preparations per acre are prepared. 5 to 7 days before sowing, the nutrition must be installed, and the film should be covered with warm film to ensure that it is ready for broadcasting.
2.3 Invasion and germination Two days before soaking seeds, put the seeds on the newspaper to dry, soak the seeds with the cold water and soak the seeds in the basin for 10 minutes, pour the cold water into the water, directly inject 55 °C water, and use the stick to keep the wood stick. Stir until the water temperature drops to 30 °C, continue to soak for 4 hours, then pour the water into the gauze bag for germination. When the seed is about 70% white tip, it can be sown.
2.4 Seeding method Melon is best to use 30 ° C warm water to pour the nutrient sputum bottom water, then spray it with carbendazim or Plex 500 ~ 600 times, then put the white tip of the seed in the middle of the nutrition ,, gently press The seeds should be covered with 1~1.5 cm of moist nutrient soil. The covering soil must be uniform, then the mulch film should be laid, and the small arch shed or the stove should be added to facilitate the emergence of the seedling.
2.5 Management of melon temperature after sowing, control between 25 °C and 30 °C during the day and between 15 °C and 18 °C during the night. When about 70% of the melon seedlings break out of the soil, the mulch must be removed in time to prevent the lengthening. After the seedlings are out, the temperature should be controlled at 25 °C ~ 28 °C, and spray Pulik or dysentery in time, the spray must be even and thoughtful, spray once every 5-7 days to prevent the occurrence of stagnation. Do not water easily after sowing, do not water easily, do see dry and wet, if you need to water, you must choose sunny watering in the morning, when the melon seedlings all reveal true leaves, the daytime temperature is best controlled at 25 °C ~ 30 °C, The night is controlled at 15 °C ~ 18 °C. In order to increase the density of the melon and prevent the empty space, in the two leaves, one heart and one heart, each time to increase the melon spirit, at the same time spray chlorothalonil or Amishida in time to prevent the occurrence of various diseases.
3 melon planting
3.1 Determination of planting time It is very important to master the planting time. Generally, the ground temperature of 10 cm can be fixed at 12 °C for 7 days. It is advisable to plant the arching film in the cold shed in our area around April 10th. It is advisable to cultivate the two membranes around April 20.
3.2 Preparation before planting
3.2.1 Early release of shed film is also an important part of melon production. Only when the film is fastened, it can be planted early, harvesting early, and high efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to buckle the film one month in advance, and the film of the three-four-film cultivation is buckled from March 1st to 5th, and the film cultivation is completed on March 10th to 15th.
3.2.2 Early land preparation Fertilization Site preparation should be based on the principle of prematurely early, remove residual weeds, 7 to 10 m3 of agricultural fertilizer, 100 kg of potassium sulfate three-element compound fertilizer, 30 kg of potassium sulfate, and deep cultivation.
3.2.3 Make the cockroaches early, lay the micro-irrigation belt, and lap the mulch for 3 to 5 days before planting. The rafting direction is best in the direction of the shed, the bottom of the raft is 1 m wide, the width of the raft is 70-80 cm, and the height is 15~. 20 cm.æ‚平畦é¢, in the middle of the dome, use a small hoe to ditch 3 to 4 cm deep to lay a micro-irrigation zone. After the micro-irrigation belt is connected, the film is laid, the film is to be tightened, and the film edge is compacted.
3.3 Colonization method Two holes were drilled on the sides of the micro-irrigation bag by about 15 cm. The depth and height of the nursery are appropriate, the plant spacing is 25 ~ 27 cm, 5,000 ~ 5300 plants per acre are planted, and the seedlings are planted.
4 Melon management after planting
4.1 After the planting, the water management must be planted with sufficient water for planting. 7 to 10 d choose to spray the seedling water in the morning on a sunny day. The vine blossoming period is not particularly dry and not easy to water. For special droughts, a small amount of watering should be used.
When the melon grows to the size of the egg yolk, the first expansion of the fruit water is started, and the water is watered for 3 to 4 hours per acre. Pour the second expanded fruit water every 6 to 7 days, and water for about 2 hours per acre. Until harvesting, no special drought does not water, if special drought, watering can only be used for 10 to 15 minutes.
4.2 Temperature management after planting Melon is a high-temperature crop of Xiguangxi, suitable temperature of 25 ° C ~ 35 ° C, 40 ° C high temperature can grow normally without temperature. Therefore, it is best to control the temperature during the whole melon growth period from 25 °C to 35 °C during the day and 15 °C to 18 °C during the night.
4.3 Pruning method Pruning should be based on the principle of playing early, small and loose. When the four leaves are one heart, pick up the heart in time. Four vines will be vines in time, and three strong vines will be preserved. Four fragrant leaves will be topped in time, and 1 to 2 female flowers will be retained. If you find that there are no female flowers in the four true leaves, you must promptly and decisively leave two leaf tips. Then, in this vine, leave a strong sun vine to make the result branch, four true leaves in time to pick the heart, each result branch in front of 1 to 2 melons to leave a sun vine as a vegetative branch, 3 to 4 leaves in time to pick the heart, prevent running Simmered melon.
4.4 Melon flower and fruit preservation technology In order to increase the yield, early harvesting and prevention of melons must be timely sprayed with chemical spray or flower. The flowers of the day must be sprayed or spotted on the same day, otherwise the fruit rate will be affected. The liquid medicine is preferably used now, and the spray of the flower or the flower is best in the size of the sorghum to prevent the emergence of the melon or the deformed melon.
4.5 Set melon, topdressing technology When melons hold 3 to 4 melons per scorpion, when the size is the smallest, the omelet must be removed in time to remove the deformed melon.
When the first expansion of the fruit water is started, the micro-irrigation is applied with 2.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 6 kg of three-element potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per micro-acre; after 6-7 days, combined with the second expanded fruit water, chasing per acre Apply 15 kg of amino acid-soluble fertilizer; spray the leaves at the fruiting stage, such as Mejiafeng, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc. 2 to 3 times.
5 Melon pest control
Should be based on prevention, treatment as a supplement, comprehensive prevention and control principles, strengthen the management of the shed, rational watering, rational release of the wind, create a good environment for melon growth. And to achieve 7-10 days of the whole growth period with chlorothalonil smoke agent, fungicide smoke agent or Amishida, ethyl phosphorus zinc powder alternate use, once the diseased plant is found, the right medicine should be prescribed, the fight must be even and thoughtful, The whole plant is sprayed. The spraying method is based on the principle of leaf back and the leaf surface is supplemented. The time for spraying must be before 9:00 am and after 4 pm, avoiding high temperature.
6 melon harvesting
Stop the watering 7 to 10 days before harvesting, no special drought and no watering. If the special drought occurs, the melon can be exposed to the micro-irrigation water for 10 to 15 minutes to prevent the skinballs and water melons from appearing. Splitting melon phenomenon. When the melon turns color, it must be harvested in time when it reaches eight to nine matures.
Relevant information:
Determination of the ripening period of melon
The sugar of melons increases rapidly before the fruit is near ripe. Premature harvesting, not only low sugar content and poor quality; late harvesting affects the melon storage and transportability. Therefore, the harvesting period should be the best when the sugar content of the fruit has reached the highest point and the pulp has not yet softened. The harvesting time is also different depending on the distance of sales and the length of storage and transportation. Some early-maturing varieties are easy to fall off, and have poor storage and transportation, and should be harvested before the pedicle.
Judging the melon harvesting period has the following criteria: 1 fruit color change and fragrance overflow. When the fruit is ripe, the peel transforms into its own inherent color, such as yellow, orange, yellow-green, milky white, etc., which has its own unique aroma; 2 around the fruit stalk is formed; 3 results the old leaves appear similar to yellowing Symptoms of magnesium deficiency; 4 judged according to the number of days after fruit setting. Each breed has its own inherent growth period. It can be judged according to the number of days after fruit set; 5. Some varieties have no obvious characteristics when they mature. You can try it to determine if it is mature.
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