Lemon is native to India and is a subtropical plant. It enjoys a warm and humid climate. The microclimate in the northern plastic greenhouse is very suitable for the growth of lemons. Therefore, the cultivation of lemons in protected areas can yield higher yields and the economic benefits are considerable.
1 growth conditions.
Lemon grows fastest at about 10~32°C. It can safely pass winter at 5°C, and after long-term domestication, it can tolerate a low temperature of -7°C for a short time. In the winter in the north, it is best to keep the lemons in a semi-dormant state at a low temperature of 5 to 10°C, so that the vigor of the tree grows vigorously in the coming year, which is conducive to high yield. The adaptability of lemon to soil is very strong. As long as the soil is fertile, well-drained loam can grow regardless of sandy or viscous; humus soil and weak acid soil are better. It can also grow well in neutral or slightly alkaline soils.
2 breeding seedlings.
There are many methods for the propagation of lemon, but cutting propagation is the main method. Cut mature twigs in late May. Each cutting strip is about 6 cm long. Leave two blades to cut 4/5 leaves, cut into clean river sand, insert 2/5 into the sand, use shallow pots or wood for cuttings. The density of the box is such that the blades of the blades do not contact each other. After the cuttings, they should be irrigated with water, placed in a semi-shaded place, covered with a plastic film to maintain a high humidity, but the water should not be too much, and too much will cause the cuttings to rot. The optimum temperature for rooting is about 25°C. In the absence of any growth stimulants, the rooting rate is usually 60 to 70 days, and the rooting rate is as high as 80% to 90%. When the new root grows to about 3 to 4 cm, the seedlings can be transplanted; it is best to transplant to have humification. In the nutrition bowl, when the seedling height is 20 cm, it can be planted.
3 fertilizer and water management.
Lemon requires a sufficient supply of fertilizer. The supply of water can not only meet the needs of growth, but also avoid the damage caused by water stains. In the lemon planted in the plastic shed, it is necessary to grasp the timing of watering. The principle of water supply throughout the year is small in spring and autumn and large in summer. The management of water should be appropriate, and usually it can be observed. If the leaves are yellow, it may be too wet and the watering should be controlled. If the leaves are dry, the water should be added immediately. The principle of fertilization of lemons is based on diligence and thin application, and the key moments are combined with reuse. The flowering period and the rapid expansion of small fruit are all critical periods when there is a need for more fertilizer. The supply of fertilizer for the whole year is also less in spring and autumn and more in the middle of summer. Lemon needs nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other various mineral nutrients, but also pay attention to the application of magnesium and potassium fertilizers.
4 cultivation management.
Adequate light, high air humidity, suitable temperatures and a smooth air environment are all the best conditions for lemon growth. Every spring should be properly trimmed; dense branches must be cut, fine and weak branches, overlapping branches, hanging branches, and diseased branches. Strong branches do not have to be cut, leggy branches should be headed, and old branches should be cut short, prompting their renewal. After pruning, it is necessary to make the branches good to each other, but also to maintain a considerable density, forming a good round-shaped crown. The result of lemons depends mainly on the shoots that were born that year, especially the great shoots. Therefore, trimming is particularly important. In early summer, the temperature is getting higher, the sunshine is getting stronger, and the air humidity is low, which is conducive to the shift of lemon from vegetative growth to reproductive growth and promotion of flower bud differentiation. The higher the temperature, the thicker the sap, which is more conducive to the differentiation of flower buds. The reason for using plastic greenhouses to cultivate lemons in protected areas to obtain high yield is that the temperature in the spring greenhouse is high, which is conducive to the formation of flower buds and lays the foundation for the harvest. Therefore, promoting flowers is the core of lemon cultivation and the key to a good harvest.
5 Pest control.
Lemon's ability to resist diseases and pests is strong, especially in the north, with a dry climate and fewer pests and diseases. Common insect pests include scale insects, red spider mites, aphids and swallowtail larvae; common diseases are only one type of soot disease. Once scale insects are found, immediately remove the scale insects with a small brush or spray with water 100 to 150 times as much as oil emulsion No. 20. Red spider can be sprayed with 50% dicofol 1000 times. The mites are parasitic on fresh young leaves and can be sprayed with a 1500-fold solution of 40% dimethoate EC. The butterfly larvae can be captured manually, and the egg pieces can be scraped off by hand. Soot rot scrub with water or spray water 1500 to 2000 times carbendazim. Pests and diseases are mainly prevention, and attention should be paid to cleanliness in cultivation and management. There is dust on the leaves to be washed with water. Ventilation is also important.
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