First, the cause of death of fish during wintering
1. Poor environment for overwintering fishponds, severe lack of oxygen causes death. The first is the aging of the pond. It has not dredged for many years and accumulated thick deposits. The pigs, ducks, and ducks in Tongtou pig and duck farms are scattered. Fish (species) are cultured at high density. Feeding, high excretion, increased organic matter, and high oxygen consumption; followed by some village-side ponds and Caozhentang, where the villagers live in intensive conditions, domestic sewage and waste water from nearby factories are discharged, resulting in a large amount of oxygen consumption and causing insufficient dissolved oxygen; The excessive carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide in the water can also cause fish (species) poisoning to die; fourth, the fish ponds have large leakage, poor water retention, lack of fresh water supply, shallow water and oxygen deficiency, and narrow space for fish activities; Fifth, new ponds and thin ponds are not fat, and there is a lack of abundant phytoplankton. Photosynthesis is weak. The amount of oxygen produced does not match the amount of oxygen consumed, and the fish lacks oxygen.
2. Fish species that are too dense and too small cause unbalanced size of dead fish species, coupled with improper feeding and strong meats, resulting in too small fish species size, poor physical quality, and low energy accumulation of fat and other nutrients in the body. During the long winter period, the energy required for life activities was maintained and died of physical weakness.
3. Injury due to fish-infected diseases Death was caused by improper operation in the online market or spelling ponds, resulting in fish scales, rays, and scrapings. This makes the bacteria invade infectious diseases, and is easily dead during wintering.
4. Mismanagement causes death During the wintering period, fish farmers believe that fish do not eat or eat less feed, but relax management and do not check the water quality in time (When the water body's oxygen content drops to 3 mg/L, the fish feel uneasy; At a dissolved oxygen level of 1 mg/l, fish have difficulty breathing and a large number of floating heads die; dissolved oxygen is best controlled at a safety factor of 5 mg/l), water body fat is thin and aging and fish activity, or fish is not found The good signs did not take timely measures. The delay caused the fish to die. The wintering ponds leak water, and the shallow ice and snow in the ponds cause the lack of oxygen in the pool water, which will also cause the fish to suffocate.
Second, preventive remedies
1. To establish the idea of ​​"preventing the enemy and treating both the symptoms and the symptoms."
The pathogenesis of aquaculture animals must meet three conditions: First, poor aquaculture environment (including climate anomalies); Second, aquatic animals have weak physique and disease resistance; Third, pathogenic pathogens exist, and three are indispensable. According to these three principles, if we can do a good job in these three aspects, we can make the cultured species safe for the winter. Therefore, we must adhere to the principle of prevention, prevention and control, and implement a healthy and ecological aquaculture management model to achieve reduction or control of overwintering fish diseases, reduce the economic losses caused thereby, and lay a solid foundation for increasing production and income in the coming year.
2. Renovate wintering culture environment
Choose winter ponds, clear ponds and fertilize water. The quality of wintering ponds is directly related to the survival rate of fish species and the growth of adult fish. The conditions for pond selection are as follows: leeward sunny, good water retention, adequate water supply, convenient irrigation and drainage, 3 acres to 5 acres of fish ponds, 5 acres to 10 acres of fish ponds, and water depths of 2 to 3 meters (after pond freezing in the north The water level should also be kept at about 2 meters). The conditional selection of ponds with hot spring water is most beneficial to protect the tropical and subtropical fish safely for the winter. Excessive sludge should be removed as an organic fertilizer for crops and fruit trees, repair leakage, clear the bottom of the pond, and retain 20 centimeters of sludge, and expose to sunlight, loosen the bottom mud, and fully oxidize. Then irrigated into the pond 80 cm to 100 cm, put 150 kg of lime and 50 kg of tea bran (even after 24 hours of immersion in water even slag with water spilled off the pond), quick lime and acidity, increase the pH, improve the quality of water quality, release Nutrients kill wild fish, parasites, and pathogens. In addition to killing wild fish, tea bran also plays a role in fertilizing water quality (cultivating abundant phytoplankton, which is beneficial to photosynthesis and oxygen production). After medicine, tea bran is a nutrient food that fish like to eat. After one week, the water level in Wintering Pond will be increased to 1.5 to 2 meters, and 500 kg of fermented organic fertilizer (or 5 kg of urea and 3 kg of phosphate fertilizer) will be used to fertilize the water. Adult fish can eat a lot of food after falling.
3. Improve wintering and cold-resistance immunity of fish (species) organisms. Large-size fish species are robust, full-fledged, resistant to cold and hypoxia, and have strong anti-infective ability. According to the author's many years of practice, under the same conditions, the survival rate of fish species with a tail length of 12 cm or more can reach 90% after winter, and the survival rate of fish species with a tail length of 5 cm to 6 cm is 50% to 60%. It can be seen that, in the autumn of each year, fish eat heavily and accumulate fat energy for overwinter consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to feed more high-protein and high-fat feeds (such as waste from agricultural and sideline products, peanut bran, bean cake, oatmeal, and jade.ç³ ç³ é€‚ 适 适 ç³ ç³ ç³ ç³ ç³ ç³ ç³ ç³ ç³ ç³ ç³ ç³ ç³ ã€‚ 。 。 。 。 。 。. Timely delivery is to master the delivery time, put in too early, high water temperature, frequent fish activities, oxygen consumption, physical fitness, net abrasions are also easy to infect red skin and other diseases; too late, the weather is cold, Pulling nets and scraping fish also damages the surface of the fish and is susceptible to hydromycosis, and it also causes massive deaths. Therefore, it is generally recommended that ponds be fished when the water temperature is between 12°C and 15°C in mid-November (fish activity is reduced, scales are compact, and the nets are not easily scratched). Fish (seedlings) stocking, single species breeding, multi-species polyculture, so it should be divided into varieties, sub-standards, eating habits. For example, the cultivation of filter-feeding eel can account for 70% of the farmed fish, with 20% of grass carp, 10% of ground omnivorous fish (single species of tilapia or earth carp, etc.), and vice versa. same. If you are breeding bottom fish (tilapia, earthfish, earthworms, oysters, etc.), do not polyculture, because these fish have similar food habits and habitable water levels, which can easily lead to catching food. Big fish bully small fish and cause small fish. The first death. It is suggested that the single species cultured in single ponds should be based on the same size fish species. For example, 70% of earth carp (species), 20% of carp, and 10% of grass carp can fully utilize the fish food chain for mutual benefit and healthy breeding. The stocking is too dense, there is insufficient feed to eat, the fish grows in different sizes, the activity space is small, the water level drops, and it is prone to lack of oxygen. If it is too sparse, it is a waste of water space. In general, 30,000 to 40,000 fish species are distributed in more than 10 centimeters, and 10,000 or less are used in water-resource supplementation. If it is a fish pond breeding, general acre put 300 kg can not be listed on the adult fish, but also how much to catch back, what to catch what to put, keep the fish is relatively stable, it is beneficial to increase production and income. It is also necessary to adjust in time according to the specific conditions such as breeding techniques, feeds, water sources, varieties, specifications, and density, and cannot copy photos. At 2 am to 3 pm noon, no wind, light and water temperature are normal when stocking. Quarantine before stocking, immersing the fish body with 4% to 5% salt water, and sterilizing after ten minutes.
4. Strengthen wintering management
Do a good job in water quality management. Always observe the changes of water color early, middle, and evening to make the water “fat, live, tender, and coolâ€, and pour new water regularly (10 days to 15 days) to discharge the old water. If the water is found to be discolored, turbid, dark, or smelly, indicating that the water quality has deteriorated, new water must be replaced in a timely manner; if there is activity in the fish cluster at the ice eye, it is necessary to break the ice in time and add new water or use other methods to increase oxygen. . The ice-covered pond surface should be cleared of snow after snowfall to improve light conditions, increase photosynthesis of phytoplankton in the water, and produce more oxygen. Feeding and feeding should be relatively rational, not only to ensure that fish (species) are fed, but also to take care of the breeding environment from pollution and cost savings, so scientific feeding must be carried out. Feed 1 to 2 days at intervals of 1% to 1.5% at 10:00 am. Adhere to a small number of times. When the water temperature is lower than 15°C, cast less, and if less than 8°C, do not cast. , when the storm is low, the air pressure is not fed; when the floating head is not fed, when the water quality is good, it is fed more and the water quality is deteriorated. Feeding feed should be nutritious and comprehensive, avoid singles, add some minerals and vitamins, and have better results.
Do a good job of prevention and treatment of fish diseases to prevent the combination of prevention and treatment. In the breeding process, some water quality improvers, sediment modifiers and microbial preparations are often used, and the use of live bacteria is better and the water quality is better. Regularly sterilize aquaculture water, sterilize and kill insects, and cut off the horizontal transmission of pathogens. It is best to use disinfectants that are non-irritating and non-toxic to fishes (such as bleaching powder, salt, lime, fish net, fish paste, etc. and Chinese herbs ()) Feed the baits regularly to enhance the fish's constitution and increase its resistance to cold and overwintering. Overwintering fish ponds should be kept quiet to prevent livestock from falling and causing fish unrest.
Doing a good job of preventing fish from freezing and freezing Although the fish is a variable-temperature animal, when the temperature of the water drops to 1°C to 0°C, warm-water fishes generally enter paralysis. When the water temperature drops below 0.5°C, fishes will immediately die. Because of the geothermal relationship, the temperature of overwintering fish ponds is generally around 4°C, and the fish species of the conventional variety “Four Home Fish†also suffers from frostbite, bacteria, and other diseases caused by large frostbite; however, tropical and subtropical fishes have a water temperature of 6°C. A large number of deaths will occur at ~10°C, and sapromatosis will also result in a large number of deaths at 12°C to 18°C. Therefore, wintering fish ponds should be deepened to 3 meters as much as possible, and can also be placed in a depth of 60 square meters to 80 square meters in a place where the depths of the fish ponds are leeward and sunny, and bamboo straws can be used to hold straws 10 cm to 13 cm thick or Nylon woven cloth covers 20 centimeters from the surface of the water, or piles of turf mud and straw usually prepared around the surface of the pond, and pays attention to the weather forecast. Once the cold wave arrives, the turf mud will be lit and the grass will be smoked to effectively dissolve the pond. Face cream, protect the pond water temperature. (Zhang Jinzong)
1. Poor environment for overwintering fishponds, severe lack of oxygen causes death. The first is the aging of the pond. It has not dredged for many years and accumulated thick deposits. The pigs, ducks, and ducks in Tongtou pig and duck farms are scattered. Fish (species) are cultured at high density. Feeding, high excretion, increased organic matter, and high oxygen consumption; followed by some village-side ponds and Caozhentang, where the villagers live in intensive conditions, domestic sewage and waste water from nearby factories are discharged, resulting in a large amount of oxygen consumption and causing insufficient dissolved oxygen; The excessive carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide in the water can also cause fish (species) poisoning to die; fourth, the fish ponds have large leakage, poor water retention, lack of fresh water supply, shallow water and oxygen deficiency, and narrow space for fish activities; Fifth, new ponds and thin ponds are not fat, and there is a lack of abundant phytoplankton. Photosynthesis is weak. The amount of oxygen produced does not match the amount of oxygen consumed, and the fish lacks oxygen.
2. Fish species that are too dense and too small cause unbalanced size of dead fish species, coupled with improper feeding and strong meats, resulting in too small fish species size, poor physical quality, and low energy accumulation of fat and other nutrients in the body. During the long winter period, the energy required for life activities was maintained and died of physical weakness.
3. Injury due to fish-infected diseases Death was caused by improper operation in the online market or spelling ponds, resulting in fish scales, rays, and scrapings. This makes the bacteria invade infectious diseases, and is easily dead during wintering.
4. Mismanagement causes death During the wintering period, fish farmers believe that fish do not eat or eat less feed, but relax management and do not check the water quality in time (When the water body's oxygen content drops to 3 mg/L, the fish feel uneasy; At a dissolved oxygen level of 1 mg/l, fish have difficulty breathing and a large number of floating heads die; dissolved oxygen is best controlled at a safety factor of 5 mg/l), water body fat is thin and aging and fish activity, or fish is not found The good signs did not take timely measures. The delay caused the fish to die. The wintering ponds leak water, and the shallow ice and snow in the ponds cause the lack of oxygen in the pool water, which will also cause the fish to suffocate.
Second, preventive remedies
1. To establish the idea of ​​"preventing the enemy and treating both the symptoms and the symptoms."
The pathogenesis of aquaculture animals must meet three conditions: First, poor aquaculture environment (including climate anomalies); Second, aquatic animals have weak physique and disease resistance; Third, pathogenic pathogens exist, and three are indispensable. According to these three principles, if we can do a good job in these three aspects, we can make the cultured species safe for the winter. Therefore, we must adhere to the principle of prevention, prevention and control, and implement a healthy and ecological aquaculture management model to achieve reduction or control of overwintering fish diseases, reduce the economic losses caused thereby, and lay a solid foundation for increasing production and income in the coming year.
2. Renovate wintering culture environment
Choose winter ponds, clear ponds and fertilize water. The quality of wintering ponds is directly related to the survival rate of fish species and the growth of adult fish. The conditions for pond selection are as follows: leeward sunny, good water retention, adequate water supply, convenient irrigation and drainage, 3 acres to 5 acres of fish ponds, 5 acres to 10 acres of fish ponds, and water depths of 2 to 3 meters (after pond freezing in the north The water level should also be kept at about 2 meters). The conditional selection of ponds with hot spring water is most beneficial to protect the tropical and subtropical fish safely for the winter. Excessive sludge should be removed as an organic fertilizer for crops and fruit trees, repair leakage, clear the bottom of the pond, and retain 20 centimeters of sludge, and expose to sunlight, loosen the bottom mud, and fully oxidize. Then irrigated into the pond 80 cm to 100 cm, put 150 kg of lime and 50 kg of tea bran (even after 24 hours of immersion in water even slag with water spilled off the pond), quick lime and acidity, increase the pH, improve the quality of water quality, release Nutrients kill wild fish, parasites, and pathogens. In addition to killing wild fish, tea bran also plays a role in fertilizing water quality (cultivating abundant phytoplankton, which is beneficial to photosynthesis and oxygen production). After medicine, tea bran is a nutrient food that fish like to eat. After one week, the water level in Wintering Pond will be increased to 1.5 to 2 meters, and 500 kg of fermented organic fertilizer (or 5 kg of urea and 3 kg of phosphate fertilizer) will be used to fertilize the water. Adult fish can eat a lot of food after falling.
3. Improve wintering and cold-resistance immunity of fish (species) organisms. Large-size fish species are robust, full-fledged, resistant to cold and hypoxia, and have strong anti-infective ability. According to the author's many years of practice, under the same conditions, the survival rate of fish species with a tail length of 12 cm or more can reach 90% after winter, and the survival rate of fish species with a tail length of 5 cm to 6 cm is 50% to 60%. It can be seen that, in the autumn of each year, fish eat heavily and accumulate fat energy for overwinter consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to feed more high-protein and high-fat feeds (such as waste from agricultural and sideline products, peanut bran, bean cake, oatmeal, and jade.ç³ ç³ é€‚ 适 适 ç³ ç³ ç³ ç³ ç³ ç³ ç³ ç³ ç³ ç³ ç³ ç³ ç³ ã€‚ 。 。 。 。 。 。. Timely delivery is to master the delivery time, put in too early, high water temperature, frequent fish activities, oxygen consumption, physical fitness, net abrasions are also easy to infect red skin and other diseases; too late, the weather is cold, Pulling nets and scraping fish also damages the surface of the fish and is susceptible to hydromycosis, and it also causes massive deaths. Therefore, it is generally recommended that ponds be fished when the water temperature is between 12°C and 15°C in mid-November (fish activity is reduced, scales are compact, and the nets are not easily scratched). Fish (seedlings) stocking, single species breeding, multi-species polyculture, so it should be divided into varieties, sub-standards, eating habits. For example, the cultivation of filter-feeding eel can account for 70% of the farmed fish, with 20% of grass carp, 10% of ground omnivorous fish (single species of tilapia or earth carp, etc.), and vice versa. same. If you are breeding bottom fish (tilapia, earthfish, earthworms, oysters, etc.), do not polyculture, because these fish have similar food habits and habitable water levels, which can easily lead to catching food. Big fish bully small fish and cause small fish. The first death. It is suggested that the single species cultured in single ponds should be based on the same size fish species. For example, 70% of earth carp (species), 20% of carp, and 10% of grass carp can fully utilize the fish food chain for mutual benefit and healthy breeding. The stocking is too dense, there is insufficient feed to eat, the fish grows in different sizes, the activity space is small, the water level drops, and it is prone to lack of oxygen. If it is too sparse, it is a waste of water space. In general, 30,000 to 40,000 fish species are distributed in more than 10 centimeters, and 10,000 or less are used in water-resource supplementation. If it is a fish pond breeding, general acre put 300 kg can not be listed on the adult fish, but also how much to catch back, what to catch what to put, keep the fish is relatively stable, it is beneficial to increase production and income. It is also necessary to adjust in time according to the specific conditions such as breeding techniques, feeds, water sources, varieties, specifications, and density, and cannot copy photos. At 2 am to 3 pm noon, no wind, light and water temperature are normal when stocking. Quarantine before stocking, immersing the fish body with 4% to 5% salt water, and sterilizing after ten minutes.
4. Strengthen wintering management
Do a good job in water quality management. Always observe the changes of water color early, middle, and evening to make the water “fat, live, tender, and coolâ€, and pour new water regularly (10 days to 15 days) to discharge the old water. If the water is found to be discolored, turbid, dark, or smelly, indicating that the water quality has deteriorated, new water must be replaced in a timely manner; if there is activity in the fish cluster at the ice eye, it is necessary to break the ice in time and add new water or use other methods to increase oxygen. . The ice-covered pond surface should be cleared of snow after snowfall to improve light conditions, increase photosynthesis of phytoplankton in the water, and produce more oxygen. Feeding and feeding should be relatively rational, not only to ensure that fish (species) are fed, but also to take care of the breeding environment from pollution and cost savings, so scientific feeding must be carried out. Feed 1 to 2 days at intervals of 1% to 1.5% at 10:00 am. Adhere to a small number of times. When the water temperature is lower than 15°C, cast less, and if less than 8°C, do not cast. , when the storm is low, the air pressure is not fed; when the floating head is not fed, when the water quality is good, it is fed more and the water quality is deteriorated. Feeding feed should be nutritious and comprehensive, avoid singles, add some minerals and vitamins, and have better results.
Do a good job of prevention and treatment of fish diseases to prevent the combination of prevention and treatment. In the breeding process, some water quality improvers, sediment modifiers and microbial preparations are often used, and the use of live bacteria is better and the water quality is better. Regularly sterilize aquaculture water, sterilize and kill insects, and cut off the horizontal transmission of pathogens. It is best to use disinfectants that are non-irritating and non-toxic to fishes (such as bleaching powder, salt, lime, fish net, fish paste, etc. and Chinese herbs ()) Feed the baits regularly to enhance the fish's constitution and increase its resistance to cold and overwintering. Overwintering fish ponds should be kept quiet to prevent livestock from falling and causing fish unrest.
Doing a good job of preventing fish from freezing and freezing Although the fish is a variable-temperature animal, when the temperature of the water drops to 1°C to 0°C, warm-water fishes generally enter paralysis. When the water temperature drops below 0.5°C, fishes will immediately die. Because of the geothermal relationship, the temperature of overwintering fish ponds is generally around 4°C, and the fish species of the conventional variety “Four Home Fish†also suffers from frostbite, bacteria, and other diseases caused by large frostbite; however, tropical and subtropical fishes have a water temperature of 6°C. A large number of deaths will occur at ~10°C, and sapromatosis will also result in a large number of deaths at 12°C to 18°C. Therefore, wintering fish ponds should be deepened to 3 meters as much as possible, and can also be placed in a depth of 60 square meters to 80 square meters in a place where the depths of the fish ponds are leeward and sunny, and bamboo straws can be used to hold straws 10 cm to 13 cm thick or Nylon woven cloth covers 20 centimeters from the surface of the water, or piles of turf mud and straw usually prepared around the surface of the pond, and pays attention to the weather forecast. Once the cold wave arrives, the turf mud will be lit and the grass will be smoked to effectively dissolve the pond. Face cream, protect the pond water temperature. (Zhang Jinzong)
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Luoyang Haloxylon Ammodendron Medical Device Co., Ltd. was founded in 2019, is a professional engaged in medical devices, home medical devices and related health products, product development and sales as one. The factory strictly implements ISO 13485 standard, all products are in line with medical CE standard. At present, our business has a sound economic foundation and strong relationship network, many new traders in Europe, America, Australia and China have appointed us as their sole agent. Perfect technology and personnel allocation, in solving all kinds of solutions for customers at the same time, but also for customers to explore the Chinese market, find sources of goods, accept sources of goods, and for the enterprise carefully create professional, personalized, all-weather, all-round one-stop service. In mainland China, we have a very efficient import and export service system and we work closely with many shipping companies and airlines. For the export of your goods, we can provide you with the best shipping, air transportation, customs clearance, insurance and other services. At present, the company's trade scale is expanding day by day, customers all over the world, and with good reputation, won the trust of customers at home and abroad, to promote China's modernization, promote economic and technical exchanges with the world, to enhance the friendship with the people of all countries have done a lot of useful work. If you need more information, please feel free to contact us
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