During the hot summer, dairy cows often have adverse reactions in terms of physiology, feed intake, milk quality, milk yield, reproductive performance, and immune performance, resulting in a decline in physiological indicators and production performance, which directly affect the health of dairy cows and the income of dairy farmers. . In order to ensure the stable production, high yield and safe summer of dairy cows, the following health management and health care measures should be taken during production.
Health management
Drinking water hygiene
Cows rely on evaporation of water to dissipate body heat at high temperatures. Therefore, the amount of water consumed by cows is related to outside air temperature, milk yield, individual, breed, and age. Under normal circumstances, a lactating dairy cow can drink water in the summer to reach about 100 kilograms to ensure the normal metabolism of the bovine body, maintain normal physiological function and meet the production needs. Due to the large amount of milk consumed by lactating dairy cows in the summer, in order to ensure adequate drinking water and drinking water hygiene, it is necessary to ensure that there is sufficient clean drinking water in the water tank, and after each drinking water, the remaining water is put clean, the sink is washed, and sufficient water is added. Clean drinking water.
2. Feed hygiene
In summer, the temperature is high and the humidity is high. Many feeds, such as energy and protein feeds, are prone to mildew. They can also lead to secondary fermentation of ensiling silage and rancidity. It is forbidden to feed mildew and forage grass with filthy water in silage. Feeding method to do side pull, feeding, feeding less Tim, brushing once daily food trough.
3. Environmental health
During the hot summer season, cow dung and leftovers and other leftovers are easily fermented, and at the same time, bacteria multiply and pose a serious threat to the health of cattle. Therefore, it is necessary to clean the barn, eliminate the excrement and waste, and do well in ventilation and ventilation to keep the barn clean, dry, and cool. To do so, wash the cow bed regularly with clean water on a regular basis, and regularly disinfect to ensure the quality of cleaning and disinfection. Periodically sterilize the external environment of the barn, including the barn, venues and utensils, equipment, and drainage channels, sewers, water tanks, food troughs, air and bovine whole body table, with 5% of the children's suzhou twice a week. . Cowsheds and sports fields can be sterilized with 3% sodium hydroxide solution, and some grass ash or lime powder can also be used to disinfect, deodorize, and remove moisture to reduce the occurrence of diseases.
4. Bovine health
Every day should use the soft brush from top to bottom before the milking, from the front to the back brushing cattle body 1 or 2 times, the hard muddy block that is not easy to brush off, first with blisters, and then brush to clean Body heat, keep the body clean.
5. Elimination of mosquitoes
In the summer season, mosquitoes, flies, and skin parasites are numerous. Not only do they bite the cow body, affecting the cows' rest, resulting in decreased milk production, but also spreading diseases through mosquitoes. In order to prevent mosquitoes from biting the bovine body and spreading diseases, ivermectin may be administered at 0.2 mg/kg body weight, and once again at one dose at intervals of one week, in order to drive out the parasites in the body of the cow. Regular use of anti-mosquito spray to regularly spray the body of cattle, kill mosquitoes and flies, to provide cattle with a quiet place to rest.
Feeding care
1. Breast health care
Strengthen milking hygiene and strictly enforce the milking operation procedures. The first procedure after milk cows enter the milk parlour is to clean the breasts. When cleaning, the milker should first rinse the dirt, rags and other dirt from the hindquarters of the cow and then stand. On one side of the cow, use a wet towel to wash the nipple, wash the breast, and then stand on the back of the cow. Hold the cow's ischia with one hand, scrub the cow's breast mirror with one hand, both sides of the breast and the inner sides of both thighs, and then twist the towel. After drying, wipe every part of the breast, wait for the breast to clean and then milk on the machine. After each milking, the medicine bath should be promptly performed to effectively reduce the incidence of mastitis in dairy cows. The method is to store the nipple with 4% sodium hypochlorite. 0.3% to 0.5% chlorhexidine, or 0.5% to 1% iodophor in the bath cup soak 0.5 minutes.
In addition, the milking room should be cleaned in time for milking equipment, regular determination of somatic cells in barrel milk and cows in milk, according to the number of cells, to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis, and take appropriate measures.
2. Four limb health care
Maintaining the cowhouse clean, dry, and cool can relatively reduce the occurrence of bovine limb disease. Wash hooves twice with water every month and apply 10% to 15% copper sulfate or zinc sulfate solution. The cow's fork hoofs, clefthoofs, etc. are trimmed in time to prevent the production of hoof wounds. The hoofs are periodically checked and found to be immediately isolated from the limbs, promptly flushed with saline and disinfected with new gills, and then removed the rotting tissue. Dressing dressings can also be combined with drug closure and acupuncture treatments.
3. Uterine health
After the cows are born, they should pay attention to the loss of the placenta and the discharge of lochia, check the genitals 15 days after childbirth, find problems and timely treatment. The cows should be fed with brown sugar wheat bran soup or ginger water in time to promote the timely discharge of the placenta. Cows detained in the placenta were fed with clear uterine fluid in time and the uterus was flushed several times to avoid secondary uterine inflammation. Check the uterine placenta exclusion within 2 to 3 days after childbirth; perform uterine health care within 4 to 6 days after childbirth.
4. Disease health care
According to the immunization program, JE and foot-and-mouth disease immunity injections are performed in a timely manner, and the detection and purification of brucellosis and tuberculosis are regularly performed. Each month and a half, the injection of cockroach-killing drugs was performed to reduce the risk of summer pestiosis.
5. Heatstroke prevention
Appropriately reduce the breeding density of the cows in the house, install high-power exhaust fans, and promote air flow. In the absence of shaded trees, shade nets should be set up on the sports grounds to prevent cows from being exposed to the sun. In the case of high humidity and high heat, the cattle should be taken to drink 20 ml of Huoxiangzhengqi water at 10:00 a.m. each morning, and 5 to 10 grams of vitamin C should be served at 4 o'clock in the afternoon to prevent heat stroke.
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