US definition and identification criteria for hazardous waste
1. Flammability: The flash point is lower than the fixed value, or the chemical change after friction, moisture absorption and spontaneous has a tendency to fire, or heat during processing and manufacturing, and the combustion is intense and continuous during ignition, so that it will be caused during management. Danger. The discriminating value is the American ASTM method, and the flash point is lower than 60 °C.
2, corrosive: when the contact site acts, the cell tissue, the skin has visible damage or incurable changes; the contact material undergoes a qualitative change, causing the container to leak. The identification value is a liquid with a pH > 12.5 or a pH < 2 ; the corrosion depth of the steel product is greater than 0.64 cm/a below 55.7 °C.
3. Reactivity: It is usually unstable, it is prone to severe chemical reactions, reacts violently with water, or forms an explosive mixture, or produces toxic gases, odors, containing cyanide or sulfide; at room temperature, Explosive reactions can occur under normal pressure, can explode when heated or have a source of ignition, and are unstable to thermal or mechanical shock.
4. Radioactivity: The radionuclide content in the waste capable of releasing α , β , and γ rays due to the nuclear reaction exceeds the maximum allowable radioactivity ratio. The discriminating value is 226 Ra radioactivity specific activity ≥ 370000 Bq / g .
5. Leaching toxicity: The concentration of any one of the contaminants in the specified leaching or extraction method exceeds the standard value. Contaminants refer to cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, chromium, selenium, silver, hexachlorobenzene, methyl chloride, toxaphene, 2 , 4-D and 2 , 4 , 5-T, and the like. The discriminating value is the US EPA/EP method test, which is 100 times more than drinking water.
6. Acute toxicity: The toxic substance administered to the experimental animals at one time, the median lethal dose ( LD 50 ) is less than the specified value. The discriminating value is the US National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. The test method is oral toxicity LD 50 ≤ 50mg/[kg (experimental animal) ] , inhalation toxicity LD 50 ≤ 2mg/L , skin absorption toxicity LD 50 ≤ 200mg/[kg (experiment Animal) ] .
7. Aquatic toxicity: In fish test, the half-lived concentration ( TL m ) at 96 h is less than the specified value. The discriminant value is 96hTL m < 1000mg/L .
8. Phytotoxicity: The identification value is half survival concentration TL m < 1000 mg/L .
9. Bioaccumulation: Enrichment of an element or compound in a living organism above the environmental level, a positive result at the time of the test. The discrimination value is positive.
10. Genetic variability: The serious effects of carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenicity caused by changes in mitotic or meiotic cells of DNA or ribonucleic acid molecules caused by toxicity. The discrimination value is positive.
11, irritating: make the skin inflamed. The discriminating value is ≥ 8 levels of skin inflammation.
China's definition of the harmful characteristics of hazardous waste is as follows:
1. Acute toxicity: It can cause the mice (or rats) to die more than half of the solid waste within 48 hours . Refer to the test method for the hygienic standard of hazardous substances, and conduct a half-lethal dose ( LD 50 ) test to assess the toxicity.
2. Flammability: Solid waste (including liquid with a flash point below 60 °C) that has a tendency to ignite through friction or moisture absorption and spontaneous changes. It burns intensely and continuously during fire, causing danger during management.
3. Corrosive: A solid waste of solid content, or solid waste with a pH of ≤ 2 or pH ≥ 12.5 of the leaching solution after adding water without a certain amount of water, or a solid with a corrosion depth of more than 0.64 cm per year for steel products below 55 °C waste.
4. Reactivity: When the solid waste has one of the following characteristics, it is reactive: 1 it is easy to change sharply without knocking; 2 it reacts violently with water; 3 can form explosive mixture with water; 4 mix with water Produces toxic gases, vapors or fumes; 5 can explode or explode when there is a source of ignition or heating; 6 is prone to explosion or explosive reaction at normal temperature and pressure; 7 Explosives as defined by other regulations.
5. Radioactivity: solid waste containing natural radioactive elements with a specific activity of more than 3700 Bq/kg ; solid waste containing radioactive elements or specific activity of radioactivity (in Bq/kg ) is 10 to 100 times higher than the limit of open water source. Solid waste (half-life > 60d ).
6. Leaching toxicity: Leaching according to the specified leaching method, the obtained leachate has one or more harmful components whose mass concentration exceeds the solid waste of the identification standard.
Edited by Yingnuo Instruments
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