How to prevent sesame stem blight

After the stalk is damaged, the diseased stem appears yellowish-brown water-stained spots and develops rapidly. It turns into a wrap-around spot, and is dark brown in late stages. Afterwards, the stem is hollow and easily broken. After the roots were damaged, the main roots and branching roots gradually turned brown, and a large number of black sclerotia formed in the root cortex, causing the roots to die. The bacterium sclerotia winters on seeds, soil, and diseased plant residues. In the following year, conidia are transmitted by wind, rain, and steam in the field, and they mainly invade from the base, root, and petiole of the plant stem. Sesame seedlings and flowering stages are the most susceptible. Strain can produce conidia and spread infection. High temperature, high humidity, and more rain are conducive to disease epidemics, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, planting too dense and continuous crop damage.

Control technology:

1. Select resistant varieties and seeds. Choose high-quality, high-yield, stain-resistant and disease-resistant varieties such as Yuzhi No.8 and Yizhi No.1. Before sowing, soak in seeds with warm water of 55°C for 10 minutes or soak in warm water of 60°C for 5 minutes. Allow to dry after sowing. Or use quintozene (1:1) with quintozene and dosage of 0.5-1% of seed weight; or soak with 0.5% copper sulfate solution for half an hour, all have better control effect.

2, agricultural control. The sesame soil has serious pests and diseases, and it is not allowed to continue cropping. The 3-5-year rotation of sesame and cotton, sweet potato and grass crops can better control the occurrence of diseases. After the sesame seeds are harvested, they are promptly cleared of field sicknesses and burned or buried in depth to reduce the sources of overwintering bacteria. Timely removal of diseased plants and out-of-field destruction will prevent the spread of germs. Strengthen fertilizer and water management, increase base fertilizer, basal fertilizer with medium and late organic fertilizer as the main, and mixed application of phosphorus, potash fertilizer, no application or less nitrogen fertilizer seedlings, cultivating healthy seedlings, so that the bacteria is not easy to invade. The use of sorghum cultivation, timely ditch drainage, to prevent the accumulation of water in the field, reduce the humidity in the field.

3, chemical control. Prevention and control of sesame disease should be based on agricultural control, and chemical control must be controlled before the occurrence of disease spraying or during the initial stage of disease. The control agents include 37% of wilted rickmia WP 800 times, 40% of carbendazim suspension 700 times, 50% of thiophanate-methyl WP 800-1000 times, of 80% of copper sulphate WP 800 times. Liquid and so on.

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